Efficacy and Tolerance of Baricitinib, a JAK Inhibitor, in the Treatment of Refractory Non-infectious Non-anterior Uveitis

Inclusion criteria

• Patient with diagnosis of non-anterior non-infectious uveitis, refractory to at least one line of biotherapy (anti-TNF alpha, tocilizumab)
• Need to stop biotherapy (anti-TNF alpha or tocilizumab) and conventional immunosuppressive drugs (mycofenolate mofetil, methotrexate, azathioprine, cyclosporine, interferon alpha 2a) for at least 10 days prior to the inclusion date

Exclusion criteria

• 1. Isolated anterior uveitis. 2. Infectious uveitis. 3. Severe uveitis threatening the visual prognosis and requiring emergency treatment with intravenous corticosteroids.

• Initial visual acuity > 1.3 LogMAR in at least one eye. 5. Corneal or lens opacity that prevents fundus visualization or may require cataract surgery during the study.

• Contraindication to baricitinib (OLUMIANT 2 and 4 mg film-coated tablets) : Hypersensitivity to the active substance or to any of the excipients.

• Contraindication to mydriasis. 8. Refractory glaucoma in either eye. 9. Monophthalmic patient. 10. Previous treatment with JAK inhibitors. 11. Intraocular corticosteroid injection (subconjunctival or laterobulbar) within 1 month prior to inclusion or intravitreal corticosteroid implant within 3 months prior to inclusion.

• Need for treatment with a biotherapy (anti-IL6, anti-IL6 receptor, anti-IL1, anti-IL12/IL23 anti-IL17, anti-BAFF) for extra-ocular involvement, during the entire study period.

• Treatment with OAT3 inhibitors with high inhibitory potential such as probenecid, leflunomide, teriflunomide 14. 14. Vaccination with a live or live attenuated vaccine within 15 days prior to inclusion 15. History of cancer within the previous 5 years, except non-metastatic squamous cell and basal cell carcinoma of the skin.

• Personal history of venous thromboembolic disease.