Efficacy and Safety of Thread Embedding Acupuncture in Treating Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

Patients with GERD diagnosed based on the GerdQ score who meet the inclusion criteria and do not meet the exclusion criteria will be included in the study. After randomization, patients will be divided into 2 groups: control group and intervention group. In both groups, patients will be treated for GERD according to current guidelines including PPIs, additional antacids as needed, and lifestyle changes. The intervention group will include additional thread embedding acupuncture therapy (TEA) twice on day 0 and day 14th. Intervention duration is 4 weeks.

The objectives of the study are to evaluate the improvement of GERD symptoms by using the evaluation score including Gastroesophageal reflux disease questionnaire (GerdQ) and Frequency Scale for the Symptoms of GERD (FSSG); the evaluation score of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease-Health Related Quality of Life (GERD-HRQL) will be used to evaluate the improvement of quality of life; and evaluate the safety of TEA in the treatment of GERD.

All scales will be evaluated before and after the intervention. For the GerdQ score, patients will be assessed weekly, every 2 weeks for FSSG and GERD-HRQL during the 4-week intervention. For TEA's side effects, it will be assessed regularly during the 4-week intervention.

Inclusion criteria

• Male or female 18-60 years of age.
• Patients with total scores ≥ 8 on the Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Questionnaire (GerdQ) and scores ≥ 2 for each symptom including heartburn and/or regurgitation.
• Ability to read, understand and provide informed consent.
• Currently not receiving any intervention to treat GERD.

Exclusion criteria

• Have any current symptoms related to a structural disease that has been confirmed by endoscopy (e.g., gastrointestinal cancer, eosinophilic esophagitis, candida esophagitis, peptic ulcers, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, pyloric stenosis, etc.).
• With known inflammatory bowel disease or other serious disease (hepatic, renal, respiratory, or cardiac disease) or rare genetic diseases (such as fructose intolerance, glucose-galactose malabsorption, saccharose-isomaltose deficiency), severe concomitant diseases, or a history of alcohol or drug abuse.
• Have severe dysphagia, hematemesis, weight loss, or hematochezia.
• A history of oesophageal and/or gastrointestinal surgery.
• Current use of drugs affecting treatment and evaluation of GERD including systemic glucocorticoids, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory, calcium channel blockers, anticholinergics, bisphosphonates, ketoconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole, clarithromycin, telithromycin, tetracycline, HIV protease inhibitors, rifampin, potassium supplements, iron, quinidine, zidovudine, anticholinergic agents, alpha-adrenergic antagonists, β2-adrenergic agonists, benzodiazepines, barbiturates, dopamine, estrogens, progesterone, narcotic analgesics, nitrates, prostaglandins, theophylline.
• Are being treated with proton-pump inhibitors within the last 14 days, H2-receptor antagonists, or prokinetics within the last 10 days, intake of alginates or antacids within the last 3 days or using any traditional medicine to treat GERD within the last 2 weeks.
• A history of hypersensitivity reaction with PPIs (including their components), catgut or acupuncture or thread embedding acupuncture treatment.
• Are pregnant or breastfeeding.
• Are taking part in any other clinical trials.