Efficacy and Safety of Ingavirin®, Syrup, 30 mg/5 ml, in Children With Influenza and Other Acute Respiratory Viral Infections

Inclusion criteria

• Patient's parent/adoptive parent's informed consent form voluntarily signed by the patient's parent/adoptive parent;
• Boys and girls aged 6 months - 2 years 11 months 14 days, inclusive, with the following clinical signs of acute respiratory infections/flu: body temperature above 38.0 °C but not higher than 39.0 °C (without taking antipyretics within the last 8 h) at the time of screening/randomization; at least one of the respiratory manifestations of acute respiratory infection/influenza (cough, runny nose/ stuffy nose) of at least 2 points on a 4-point scale; decrease in the child's daytime activity and change in nighttime sleep, as compared with the state before the illness;
• There were no indications for hospitalization at the time of inclusion in the study;
• Duration of illness from manifestation of symptoms to inclusion in the study not more than 48 hours.

Exclusion criteria

• Presence of at least one of the epidemic signs: return from an overseas trip 14 days prior to the onset of symptoms; having close contact in the last 14 days with a person under observation for COVID-19 who has subsequently become ill; having close contact within the past 14 days with a person who has a laboratory-confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19;
• Positive result of laboratory testing for SARS-CoV-2 RNA using nucleic acid amplification techniques or antigen SARS-CoV-2 antigen using an immunochromatographic assay at the time of screening;
• Severe general intoxication syndrome (severe agitation with seizure syndrome and loss of consciousness against a background of hyperthermia);
• Hemorrhagic syndrome (nasal bleeding, blood in sputum, vomit and stool, hemorrhagic rash), disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome (DIC) or Hasser syndrome with the formation of acute renal failure;
• Diffuse cyanosis or pallor;
• Symptoms of pneumonia and possible acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS): cough with frothy sputum with blood, shortened pulmonary sound on percussion, a large number of different-caliber moist rales and abundant crepitation on auscultation, a sharp drop in blood pressure (BP), deafness of heart tones and arrhythmia;
• Phenomena of respiratory distress combined with any of the following symptoms: grunting breathing, blowing of the wings of the nose when breathing, nodding movements (head movements synchronized with breathing); BPM in a child aged 6-11 months > 50 per minute, child over 1 year old > 40 per minute; lower chest retraction when breathing; blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) < 92% when breathing room air;
• Moderate acute respiratory infections (fever ≥ 38.5 °C) with exacerbation of comorbidities;
• Presence of any of the following symptoms: inability to drink/breastfeed; drowsiness or unconsciousness; respiratory rate less than 30 per minute or apnea; heart failure phenomena; severe dehydration;
• Febrile seizures, including a history of seizures; known intolerance to the active ingredient or excipient of the study drug or placebo components, paracetamol;

• Lactose intolerance, lactase deficiency or glucose-galactose malabsorption. 13. Taking antibiotics, antivirals, or immunomodulatory drugs within < 48 h prior to the study and/or plans to use these groups of drugs (other than the study drug) during the study; 14. Use of systemic, inhaled, or nasal glucocorticosteroids within 30 days prior to the study and/or plans to use glucocorticosteroids (except topical cutaneous agents) during the study; 15. Failure to withdraw for the duration of the study other medications that may affect the outcome of this study, such as antiviral medications, or medications that are incompatible with the study therapy (see "prohibited concomitant therapies"); 16. Patient's participation in any other clinical trial within 90 days prior to inclusion in the study; 17. Any cardiovascular, renal, hepatic, gastrointestinal (GI), endocrine, or nervous system disease, severe decompensated chronic or acute disease, or any other condition/disease that, in the opinion of the investigating physician, would make it unsafe for the patient to participate in the study; 18. Having any vaccinations administered to the patient within 14 days prior to inclusion in the study; 19. Diabetes mellitus; 20. Clinical suspicion of pneumonia or other bacterial infections (including sinusitis, otitis media, urinary tract infection, meningitis, sepsis, etc.) requiring administration of antibacterial drugs; 21. Patients who have had surgery within 30 days prior to the Screening Visit and patients who are scheduled to have surgery, including diagnostic procedures, or a hospital stay during the study; 22. Suspicion of hemophagocytic syndrome; 23. Increased seizure activity in the history; 24. The presence of cancer, HIV infection, tuberculosis, including in the anamnesis; 25. Suspected low compliance of the parent/adopter with the child's treatment and recording of required parameters in the Patient Diary, or inability to perform these procedures and comply with restrictions according to the study protocol (e.g., due to mental illness).

Withdrawal Criteria:

• Identification of a probable or confirmed case COVID-19;
• Signs of complications of viral infection, including signs of secondary bacterial infection;
• The investigating physician decides that the patient must be excluded for the patient's own benefit;
• Withdrawal of informed consent by the parent or adoptive parent;
• Individual intolerance to the study drug;
• Development of NS requiring withdrawal of study drug/placebo;
• Erroneous inclusion (for example, the patient was included in violation of the inclusion/inclusion criteria of the protocol);
• Patient receives/needs additional treatment that may affect study outcome or patient safety (see "prohibited concomitant therapies");
• Persistence of nasal congestion longer than 10 days, worsening of condition after the first week of illness, facial pain;
• Patient's development of the conditions described in the criteria for exclusion;
• Development of hemorrhagic syndrome (including DIC): nosebleed, hemorrhagic rash on the face, neck, chest, and upper extremities, hemorrhages into the mucous membrane of the mouth and nose, the back of the throat, conjunctivae, blood in vomit, hemoptysis, etc.);
• A pronounced intoxication syndrome with the development of encephalic or meningoencephalic reactions (delirium, hallucinations, seizures, confusion or loss of consciousness, vomiting);
• Hemophagocytic syndrome;
• Other conditions or events that, in the opinion of the investigating physician, require exclusion of the patient from the study.