Efficacy and Safety of Endoscopic Injection of Fibrin Sealant Versus Endoscopic Ligature for Bleeding Esophageal Varices

Inclusion criteria

Included in the study were patients with proven bleeding from esophageal varices due to liver cirrhosis:

• with a minimum age of 18 years,
• with bleeding symptoms (hematemesis, melena, hematochezia, hypotension, tachycardia) that had lasted not longer than 48 hours prior to hospital admission,
• who were expected to be hospitalized for at least seven days,
• who agreed to participate in the study.

Randomization did not take place if another therapy was medically indicated for any reason.

Exclusion criteria

Patients were excluded from the study:

• in whom introduction of an endoscope was not possible for technical reasons,
• who had received an alternative endoscopic treatment to eradicate varices during the last three months (sclerotherapy, ligation),
• who had proven additional fundus bleeding from varices or bleeding from a hypertensive gastropathy,
• who had end stage tumor disease or end stage liver cirrhosis (Child Pugh class C with organ complications, such as hepatonephric syndrome, infected ascites etc.),
• who were pregnant or breast feeding,
• who had a known pulmonary disease combined with restricted lung function or right ventricular failure,
• who had congenital or acquired coagulopathies of non-hepatic origin,
• who were currently participating or had participated in another study during the past 30 days or had already been included in this study once,
• who were treated with drugs to decrease portal vein pressure (somatostatin, somatostatin analogs, terlipressin, glycylpressin, except β-blockers and nitrates),
• who had shown an allergic reaction to thrombin or aprotinin,
• who had a heparin-induced thrombocytopenia Type I or Type II.