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NCT Number: NCT03245398

Efficacy and Safety of a Multi-dose Regimen of Mebendazole Against Hookworm in Children

This study is a double-blind randomized clinical trial which aims at providing evidence on the efficacy and safety of two regimens of mebendazole in school-aged children. Thus, our primary objective is to assess the efficacy and safety of: i) 100 mg solid tablets twice a day for 3 days, and ii) one dose of 500 mg solid tablets of mebendazole in participants aged 6-12, inclusive, infected with hookworm.

The primary endpoint of the trial is the cure rate (CR) of the 3-day regimen of mebendazole against hookworm and a single dose mebendazole treatment.

The secondary objectives are to determine if the multi-dose regimen is superior to the single dose regimen, evaluate the efficacy against concomitant soil-transmitted helminth infections, and assess the safety of both mebendazole regimens.

After obtaining informed consent from children's caregiver, the medical history of the participating individuals will be assessed with a standardized questionnaire, in addition to a clinical examination carried out by the study physician on the treatment day. Enrollment will be based on two stool samples which will be collected, if possible, on two consecutive days or otherwise within a maximum of 5 days apart. All stool samples will be examined with duplicated Kato-Katz thick smears by experienced laboratory technicians.

Randomization of participants into the two treatment arms will be stratified according to intensity of infection. Participants will be interviewed before treatment for clinical symptoms and 3 hours after every morning treatment and 24 hours after every morning treatment about the occurrence of adverse events. The efficacy of the treatment will be determined 14-21 days post-treatment by collecting another two stool samples.

The primary analysis will include all participants with primary end point data (available case analysis). Supplementary, two sensitivity analyses will be conducted imputing all missing endpoint data as treatment failures or all as treatment success. CRs will be calculated as the percentage of egg-positive participants at baseline who become egg-negative after treatment. CRs will be compared by using unadjusted logistic regression. To assess model robustness with respect to covariates, adjusted logistic regressions (adjustment for age, sex, school, weight and strata) will be performed.

Geometric and arithmetic mean egg counts will be calculated for the different treatment arms before and after treatment to assess the corresponding ERRs. Bootstrap resampling method with 5,000 replicates will be used to calculate 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for ERRs and the difference of the ERRs.

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Key information

Conditions

Hookworm Ancylostomiasis Helminthiasis Hookworm Infections Infections Nematode Infections Parasitic Diseases Secernentea Infections Strongylida Infections

Age range

6 year–12 year

Sex eligibility

All sexes

Study type

Interventional

Phase

Phase 4

Primary location

Public Health Laboratory Ivo de Carneri, P.O. Box 122

Chake Chake, Pemba, Tanzania

Who can participate

Healthy volunteers accepted: No

Only the study team can determine whether someone qualifies for participation.

Inclusion criteria

  • Written informed consent signed by parents and/or caregiver; and oral assent by participant.
  • Able and willing to be examined by a study physician at the beginning of the study.
  • Able and willing to provide two stool samples at the beginning (baseline) and approximately three weeks after treatment (follow-up).
  • Positive for hookworm eggs in the stool (≥ 100 EPG and at least two Kato-Katz thick smears slides with more than one hookworm egg).
  • Absence of major systemic illnesses, e.g. diabetes, severe anemia (HB<8.0 g/l) as assessed by a medical doctor at school, upon initial clinical assessment.
  • No known or reported history of chronical illness as cancer, diabetes, chronic heart, liver or renal disease.
  • No recent anthelminthic treatment (within past 4 weeks). No known allergy to study medications (mebendazole and albendazole).

Exclusion criteria

No written informed consent by parents and/or caregiver; no oral assent by participant.

  • Menarche, based on self-report
  • Presence of major systemic illnesses, e.g. diabetes, severe anemia (HB<8.0 g/l) as assessed by a medical doctor, upon initial clinical assessment.
  • History of acute or severe chronic disease.
  • Recent use of anthelminthic drug (within past 4 weeks).
  • Attending other clinical trials during the study.
  • Negative diagnostic result for hookworm eggs in the stool (< 100 EPG (total of the four slides) and/or only one Kato-Katz thick smear slide with more than one hookworm egg).

Treatment and study plan

Treatment with one of the two regimens of mebendazole

Drug

Once in the morning and once in the evening for 3 consecutive days

Primary outcomes

  1. Cure Rate (CR) of Mebendazole Against Hookworm

    Time frame: baseline (before treatment) and 18 to 22 days post-treatment

    Cure rates (CRs) will be calculated as the percentage of egg-positive participants at baseline who become egg-negative after treatment.

Secondary outcomes

  1. Geometric Mean Egg Reduction Rate (ERR) of the Two Regimens of Mebendazole Against Hookworm

    Time frame: baseline (before treatment) and 18 to 22 days post-treatment

    Eggs per gram of stool (EPG) will be assessed by adding up the egg counts from the quadruplicate Kato-Katz thick smears and multiplying this number by a factor of six. The egg reduction rate (ERR) is calculated as follows: ERR = (1-(geometric mean EPG at follow-up/geometric mean EPG at baseline))*100). Note: in contrast to the publication the "outcome measure" entry mask requires the complementary percentage: (geometric mean at follow-up/geometric mean at baseline)*100).

  2. CR of Both Mebendazole Regimens Against Trichuris Trichiura

    Time frame: baseline (before treatment) and 18 to 22 days post-treatment

    Cure rates (CRs) will be calculated as the percentage of egg-positive participants at baseline who become egg-negative after treatment.

  3. Geometric ERR of Both Mebendazole Regimens Against Trichuris Trichiura

    Time frame: baseline (before treatment) and 18 to 22 days post-treatment

    Eggs per gram of stool (EPG) will be assessed by adding up the egg counts from the quadruplicate Kato-Katz thick smears and multiplying this number by a factor of six. The egg reduction rate (ERR) is calculated as follows: ERR = (1-(geometric mean EPG at follow-up/geometric mean EPG at baseline))*100). Note: in contrast to the publication the "outcome measure" entry mask requires the complementary percentage: (geometric mean at follow-up/geometric mean at baseline)*100).

  4. Cure Rate (CR) of Both Mebendazole Regimens Against Ascaris Lumbricoides

    Time frame: baseline (before treatment) and 18 to 22 days post-treatment

    Cure rates (CRs) will be calculated as the percentage of egg-positive participants at baseline who become egg-negative after treatment.

  5. Geometric ERR of Both Mebendazole Regimens Against Ascaris Lumbricoides.

    Time frame: baseline (before treatment) and 18 to 22 days post-treatment

    Eggs per gram of stool (EPG) will be assessed by adding up the egg counts from the quadruplicate Kato-Katz thick smears and multiplying this number by a factor of six. The egg reduction rate (ERR) is calculated as follows: ERR = (1-(geometric mean EPG at follow-up/geometric mean EPG at baseline))*100). Note: in contrast to the publication the "outcome measure" entry mask requires the complementary percentage: (geometric mean at follow-up/geometric mean at baseline)*100).

  6. Arithmetic ERR of the Two Regimens of Mebendazole Against Hookworm

    Time frame: baseline (before treatment) and 18 to 22 days post-treatment

    Eggs per gram of stool (EPG) will be assessed by adding up the egg counts from the quadruplicate Kato-Katz thick smears and multiplying this number by a factor of six. The egg reduction rate (ERR) is calculated as follows: ERR = (1-(arithmetic mean EPG at follow-up/arithmetic mean EPG at baseline))*100). Note: in contrast to the publication the "outcome measure" entry mask requires the complementary percentage: (arithmetic mean at follow-up/arithmetic mean at baseline)*100).

  7. Arithmetic ERR of Both Mebendazole Regimens Against Trichuris Trichiura

    Time frame: baseline (before treatment) and 18 to 22 days post-treatment

    Eggs per gram of stool (EPG) will be assessed by adding up the egg counts from the quadruplicate Kato-Katz thick smears and multiplying this number by a factor of six. The egg reduction rate (ERR) is calculated as follows: ERR = (1-(arithmetic mean EPG at follow-up/arithmetic mean EPG at baseline))*100). Note: in contrast to the publication the "outcome measure" entry mask requires the complementary percentage: (arithmetic mean at follow-up/arithmetic mean at baseline)*100).

  8. Arithmetic ERR of Both Mebendazole Regimens Against Ascaris Lumbricoides

    Time frame: baseline (before treatment) and 18 to 22 days post-treatment

    Eggs per gram of stool (EPG) will be assessed by adding up the egg counts from the quadruplicate Kato-Katz thick smears and multiplying this number by a factor of six. The egg reduction rate (ERR) is calculated as follows: ERR = (1-(arithmetic mean EPG at follow-up/arithmetic mean EPG at baseline))*100). Note: in contrast to the publication the "outcome measure" entry mask requires the complementary percentage: (arithmetic mean at follow-up/arithmetic mean at baseline)*100).

Other outcomes

  1. Comparison of the Sensitivity of Kato Katz to Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Assays

    Time frame: 1 year

    Two aliquots (about 1 g of stool each) of positive samples will be stored in ethanol and transported to the Swiss Tropical Public Health Institute for subsequent DNA extraction and diagnostic.

  2. Prevalence of Genetic Resistance Markers Among Participants

    Time frame: 2 years

    The same two aliquots of stool will be used in this section.. Additionally, a Harada Mori culture will be prepared from one of the stool samples of each child at baseline and at follow-up to extract hatched larvae. Larvae will be stored in ethanol. Both stool and larvae samples will undergo an assessment of drug resistance-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms.

  3. Distribution of Hookworm Species Among Participants

    Time frame: 1 year

    Genetic differentiation between Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale using PCRs will allow us to identify which of the species is most prevalent.

Sponsors and collaborators

Lead sponsor

Jennifer Keiser

Other

Collaborators

  • PATH
  • Public Health Laboratory Ivo de Carneri

Registry information

Official study title

Efficacy and Safety of a Single-dose Regimen and a Multi-dose Regimen of Mebendazole Against Hookworm Infections in School Children: a Randomized Controlled Trial

Important dates

Study start
2017
Primary completion
2017
Study completion
2017
First posted
Aug 10, 2017
Registry last updated
Jun 17, 2019

OpenTrials presents study information sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. The official registry record should be consulted for the latest information.

View the official ClinicalTrials.gov record (opens in a new tab)

This listing is for discovery and informational purposes only. It is not medical advice, does not guarantee that a study is recruiting, and does not determine eligibility. Contact the study team and a qualified healthcare professional when considering participation.

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