Effects of Wood Smoke Particles on Influenza-induced Nasal Inflammation in Normal Volunteers

Inclusion criteria

• Normal lung function, defined as (Knudson 1976/1984 predicted set): FVC > 75 % predicted for gender, ethnicity, age and height; FEV1 >75 % predicted ; FEV1/FVC ratio >0.70 and < 0.90.
• Oxygen saturation of > 94%
• Normal blood pressure (Systolic between 140 - 90, Diastolic between 90-60 mm Hg)
• Symptom Score no greater than 6 (out of a possible 39) for total symptom score
• On the day of a challenge, body temperature must be no greater than 37.8 degrees, measured orally

Exclusion criteria

• A history of significant chronic illnesses (to include diabetes, autoimmune diseases, immunodeficiency state, known ischemic heart disease, chronic respiratory diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or asthma, hypertension)
• Positive pregnancy test within 48 hours of the time of challenge
• Use of any inhaled substance (for medical or recreational purposes). Nonsmokers must have been abstinent from smoking for the prior 12 months, having not smoked more than 1 pack over the course of the previous year and does not smoke at all 1 week prior to entrance in the study.
• Receipt of LAIV in the current season
• History of allergy to eggs
• Acute, non-chronic, medical conditions, including (but not limited to) pneumonia or bronchitis requiring antibiotics, febrile illnesses, flu-like symptoms must be totally resolved symptomatically for 3 weeks
• Unspecified illnesses, which in the judgment of the investigator increase the risk associated with the experimental LAIV infection, will be a basis for exclusion.
• Expected exposure of subject to immunocompromised individuals (who can be infected by LAIV) for the 3 weeks following LAIV inoculation