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Completed

NCT Number: NCT07034638

Effects of White and Pink Noise Applied Before and During Colonoscopy on Pain and Anxiety

In recent years, there has been an increase in the use of endoscopic procedures due to the increase in diseases. Colonoscopy is widely used in the screening and diagnosis of many diseases, especially colorectal cancer. However, colonoscopy is perceived as an invasive, painful and uncomfortable procedure by patients. Moreover, it can cause pain associated with embarrassment, fear, anxiety and physical and emotional discomfort.

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Key information

Conditions

Surgical Procedures, Elective Anxiety Disorders Mental Disorders Neurologic Manifestations Nurse Based Care Management Pain Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms Signs and Symptoms

Age range

18 year and older

Sex eligibility

All sexes

Study type

Interventional

Phase

Not applicable

Primary location

Seda Cansu Yeniğün

Antalya, Kumluca, 07350, Turkey (Türkiye)

About this study

This study aims to evaluate the effects of white and pink noise applied before and during colonoscopy on pain and anxiety levels of patients. Colonoscopy is a widely used method in colon cancer screening and diagnosis and treatment of lower gastrointestinal system diseases; however, pain may occur in patients due to mesenteric distension and spasms during the procedure. In addition, many patients experience moderate anxiety during the procedure. Since pharmacological pain and anxiety management strategies may lead to some complications, in recent years, there has been an increase in the use of non-pharmacological methods such as music, video, virtual reality and distraction techniques. One of these methods, sound therapy, provides relaxation by directing the individual's attention to positive emotions. While white noise is a constant-intensity sound similar to the sound of the ocean or wind, pink noise resembles rain or rustling leaves with its lower frequency and soothing properties. There are a limited number of studies in the literature examining the effects of white and pink noise, but there is no study evaluating both types of noise together in colonoscopy patients. In order to fill this gap, the effects of white and pink noise on pain and anxiety are comparatively examined in this study.

Who can participate

Healthy volunteers accepted: Yes

Only the study team can determine whether someone qualifies for participation.

Inclusion criteria

  • Volunteering to participate in the study,
  • Being over 18 years old,
  • Being able to speak and read and write Turkish,
  • The patient should not have a hearing problem,
  • Being conscious, oriented and cooperative

Exclusion criteria

  • The patient's use of anxiolytics or analgesics on the day of the procedure,
  • The patient's diagnosis of any psychiatric / neurological disease,
  • The patient's preference for general anesthesia will be considered as exclusion criteria.

Treatment and study plan

WNG

Behavioral

In addition to the hospital's standard care protocol, patients in this group will listen to white noise through headphones before and during the colonoscopy procedure, as directed by the researcher.

PNG

Behavioral

In addition to the standard care protocol, patients included in this group will listen to pink noise through headphones as directed by the researcher.

Primary outcomes

  1. Visual Anxiety Scale (VAS-A)

    Time frame: before colonoscopy 30 minutes

    VAS-A is a single-item measurement tool that has been used for psychological assessment since the beginning of the 20th century. It is frequently used in the assessment of pain, quality of life and mood. It was developed by "Cline et al" (1992) and is extremely simple, reproducible and requires minimal tools. The scale consists of a 10 cm long horizontal line with the labels "No anxiety" on the left and "I feel a lot of anxiety" on the right. The patient's anxiety level is calculated by measuring the distance between the leftmost part of the scale and the specified point. As the anxiety level approaches 10, anxiety increases.

  2. Visual Anxiety Scale (VAS-A)

    Time frame: before colonoscopy 10 minutes

    VAS-A is a single-item measurement tool that has been used for psychological assessment since the beginning of the 20th century. It is frequently used in the assessment of pain, quality of life and mood. It was developed by "Cline et al" (1992) and is extremely simple, reproducible and requires minimal tools. The scale consists of a 10 cm long horizontal line with the labels "No anxiety" on the left and "I feel a lot of anxiety" on the right. The patient's anxiety level is calculated by measuring the distance between the leftmost part of the scale and the specified point. As the anxiety level approaches 10, anxiety increases.

  3. The Visual Analog Scale (VAS)

    Time frame: before colonoscopy 30 minutes

    The Visual Analog Scale (VAS) is a single-dimensional scale commonly used to measure pain intensity. VAS is a measuring tool with a length of 0-10 cm (0-100 mm). This measuring tool can be used horizontally or vertically. The scale starts with "no pain" and ends with "unbearable pain". High scores obtained from the scale indicate high pain intensity. The cut-off points for pain scores obtained from the scale are recommended as 0-4 mm "no pain", 5-44 mm "mild pain", 45-74 mm "moderate pain" and 75-100 mm "severe pain".

  4. The Visual Analog Scale (VAS)

    Time frame: before colonoscopy 10 minutes

    The Visual Analog Scale (VAS) is a single-dimensional scale commonly used to measure pain intensity. VAS is a measuring tool with a length of 0-10 cm (0-100 mm). This measuring tool can be used horizontally or vertically. The scale starts with "no pain" and ends with "unbearable pain". High scores obtained from the scale indicate high pain intensity. The cut-off points for pain scores obtained from the scale are recommended as 0-4 mm "no pain", 5-44 mm "mild pain", 45-74 mm "moderate pain" and 75-100 mm "severe pain".

Sponsors and collaborators

Lead sponsor

Akdeniz University

Other

Registry information

Official study title

Effects of White and Pink Noise Applied Before and During Colonoscopy on Pain and Anxiety: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Acronym: Colonoscopy

Important dates

Study start
2025
Primary completion
2025
Study completion
2025
First posted
Jun 24, 2025
Registry last updated
Dec 1, 2025

OpenTrials presents study information sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. The official registry record should be consulted for the latest information.

View the official ClinicalTrials.gov record (opens in a new tab)

This listing is for discovery and informational purposes only. It is not medical advice, does not guarantee that a study is recruiting, and does not determine eligibility. Contact the study team and a qualified healthcare professional when considering participation.

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