Effects of Wearable Sensor Based Virtual Reality Game on Balance for Stroke

It is used to objectively determine a patient's ability (or inability) to safely balance during a series of predetermined tasks. It is a 14 item list with each item consisting of a five-point ordinal scale ranging from 0 to 4, with 0 indicating the lowest level of function and 4 the highest level of function and takes approximately 20 minutes to complete.

Functional Reach Test (FRT) is a clinical outcome measure and assessment tool for ascertaining dynamic balance in one simple task. The patient is instructed to next to, but not touching, a wall and position the arm that is closer to the wall at 90 degrees of shoulder flexion with a closed fist. The assessor records the starting position at the 3rd metacarpal head on the yardstick.

Instruct the patient to "Reach as far as you can forward without taking a step." The location of the 3rd metacarpal is recorded. Scores are determined by assessing the difference between the start and end position is the reach distance, usually measured in inches. Three trials are done and the average of the last two is noted.

In the TUG-cog, patients were asked to complete the test while counting backward by 3 from a randomly selected number between 20 and 100.

Activities-specific balance confidence (ABC) scale is a subjective measure of confidence in performing various ambulatory activities without falling or experiencing a sense of unsteadiness. Participants estimate on a scale of 0% to 100% how confident they are that they could perform activities such as picking a slipper up off of the floor or walking on a slippery surface without losing their balance. The item scores are then summed and divided by 16 to provide an overall mean balance confidence score.Higher scores indicate higher confidence.

The stroke impact scale (SIS) is a stroke-specific health-related quality of life (HRQoL) instrument, which was developed by Duncan et al. (1999) at the University of Kansas Medical Center, to measure the consequences of stroke in multiple domains, including physical (strength, hand function, activities of daily living (ADL), instrumental ADL, and mobility), emotion, memory/thinking, communication, and social participation. Where the score is the domain score for a particular domain, the mean is the mean of the nonmissing item scores within that domain, with each item scored in the range of 1 to 5. Using this algorithm, each domain score has a range of 0 to 100. Higher score indicate the higher health-related quality of life.

It is used to measure the enjoyment of physical activity. The original 18-item PACES scale was used to assess enjoyment. Respondents were asked to rate "how you feel at the moment about the physical activity you have been doing"using a 7-point bipolar rating scale. Higher PACES scores reflect greater levels of enjoyment

It is used to measure adverse event times, such as dizzy, pain, fall.