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Completed

NCT Number: NCT05523674

Effects of Warm-up Intensity and Blood Flow Restriction

Introduction: warming up has the function of preparing the body structures for a given task to be performed during sports, increasing body and muscle temperature, focusing on improving performance. Therefore, the use of the blood flow restriction technique (BFR) can be seen as a promising alternative for promoting greater mechanical and muscular stress, thus providing a more efficient warm-up and optimizing performance. Objectives: to analyze the effects of RFS used during low-intensity warm-up compared with low-intensity and high-intensity warm-up without RFS on performance (jump test and 30-meter sprint test) and skin surface temperature. In addition to analyzing and comparing, after the warm-up protocols with and without RFS, the acute responses on perceptual outcomes (perception of pain, change in sensitivity, subjective perception of exertion and perception of discomfort in relation to RFS) and muscle outcomes (tonus , muscle stiffness and elasticity). Methods: a randomized controlled clinical trial will be carried out, with 33 amateur soccer players aged between 18 and 35 years who will be randomly divided into three groups: low-intensity warm-up without RFS (30% VO2max), high-intensity warm-up without RFS ( 80% VO2max) and low-intensity warm-up associated with BFR (80% of total occlusion pressure) [30% VO2max-BFR]. All groups will carry out the heating protocol and the outcomes will be evaluated at baseline and immediately after the end of the heating, as well as 10 and 20 minutes after its completion, namely: skin surface temperature through thermography; tone, stiffness and muscle elasticity by myotometry, subjective perception of pain (VAS); pain threshold through the pressure algometer; subjective perception of exertion (BORG scale); perception of discomfort in relation to RFS (LIKERT-CR-10 scale); 30-meter sprints measured through photocells and vertical jump, measured through the force platform. Descriptive statistics will be used and comparisons will be made using the generalized linear mixed model, assuming a significance level of p<0.05.

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Key information

Conditions

Healthy Men

Age range

18 year–35 year

Sex eligibility

Male

Study type

Interventional

Phase

Not applicable

Primary location

Carlos Alberto Toledo Teixeira Filho, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil

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Who can participate

Healthy volunteers accepted: Yes

Only the study team can determine whether someone qualifies for participation.

Inclusion criteria

  • male
  • healthy
  • amateur soccer player
  • aged between 18 and 35 years

Exclusion criteria

  • smokers;
  • alcoholics;
  • use drugs that influenced cardiac autonomic activity;
  • cardiovascular, metabolic or endocrine diseases;
  • having one or more predisposing risk factors for thromboembolism;
  • history of lower extremity surgery or musculoskeletal injury within the last six months that may impair your performance during testing or warm-up (e.g., meniscal repair, ligament reconstruction, muscle injury, tendinopathy, lower extremity patellofemoral pain, and/or back pain);

Treatment and study plan

Warm-up exercise

Other

The warm-up exercise will be performed on a treadmill.

Other names: Warming-up, Aerobic Exercise

Warm-up exercise with Blood Flow Restriction

Other

The warm-up exercise will be performed on a treadmill and pressure cuffs will be used for the blood flow restriction technique.

Other names: Warming-up, Aerobic Exercise, Blood Flow Restriction

Primary outcomes

  1. Temperature

    Time frame: At the baseline

    Skin surface temperature will be evaluated using a thermographic camera

  2. Temperature

    Time frame: Immediately after warm-up

    Skin surface temperature will be evaluated using a thermographic camera

  3. Performance in Squat Jump Test

    Time frame: At the baseline

    The squat jump test will be performed at jumping platform (Multisprint, Hidrofit, Brazil)

  4. Performance in Squat Jump Test

    Time frame: Immediately after warm-up

    The squat jump test will be performed at jumping platform (Multisprint, Hidrofit, Brazil)

  5. Performance in 30 meter sprint

    Time frame: At the baseline

    the sprint test will be performed in a hall and two pairs of photoelectric cells (Multisprint®, Hidrofit, Brazil) will be used with an accuracy of 0.01 seconds.

  6. Performance in 30 meter sprint

    Time frame: Immediately after warm-up

    the sprint test will be performed in a hall and two pairs of photoelectric cells (Multisprint®, Hidrofit, Brazil) will be used with an accuracy of 0.01 seconds.

Secondary outcomes

  1. Pain threshold

    Time frame: At the baseline

    To assess the pain threshold, the pressure algometer will be applied at 10 specific locations on the lower limb

  2. Pain threshold

    Time frame: Immediately after warm-up

    To assess the pain threshold, the pressure algometer will be applied at 10 specific locations on the lower limb

  3. Muscle Pain

    Time frame: At the baseline

    The subjective evaluation of pain will be obtained through the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), graded from 0 to 10, with zero being the total absence of pain and 10 the maximum level of pain supported by the participan

  4. Muscle Pain

    Time frame: Immediately after warm-up

    The subjective evaluation of pain will be obtained through the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), graded from 0 to 10, with zero being the total absence of pain and 10 the maximum level of pain supported by the participan

  5. Perceived Effort Scale (Borg)

    Time frame: At the baseline and Immediately after warm-up

    The degree of subjective exertion reported by the participants in relation to the lower limbs will be analyzed by Borg's scale of perception of effort of 0 to 10 points, 0 being "very easy" and 10 being "exhaustive."

  6. Perceived discomfort Scale (Likert-RFS)

    Time frame: At the baseline and Immediately after warm-up

    The degree of subjective discomfort reported by the participants in relation to the lower limbs refferd a blood flow restriction will be analyzed by Likert Scale of perception of effort of 0 to 10 points, 0 being "no discomfort" and 10 being "very discomfortable."

  7. Resistance through Bioimpedance analysis (BIA)

    Time frame: At the baseline and Immediately after warm-up

    Evaluation of tissue resistance, the higher the value, the worse the result

  8. Reactance through Bioimpedance analysis (BIA)

    Time frame: At the baseline and Immediately after warm-up

    Evaluation of tissue reactance, the higher the value, the better the cell integrity

  9. Phase angle through Bioimpedance analysis (BIA)

    Time frame: At the baseline and Immediately after warm-up

    Assessment of the phase angle, the higher the value, the better the condition of the participant

  10. Tone muscular through Myotonometry used the MyotonPRO equipment

    Time frame: At the baseline and Immediately after warm-up

    Natural Oscillation Frequency [Hz], characterizing Tone of the muscles: quadriceps femoris, biceps femoris, semitendinosus, triceps surae and tibialis anterior

  11. Stiffness through Myotonometry used the MyotonPRO equipment

    Time frame: At the baseline and Immediately after warm-up

    Mechanical Stress Relaxation Time [ms] featuring muscle elasticity of the muscles: quadriceps femoris, biceps femoris, semitendinosus, triceps surae and tibialis anterior

  12. heart rate variability indices in the time domain

    Time frame: At the baseline time (30 minutes rest in the supine position), during the warm-up (15 minutes in the treadmill) and immediately after the warm-up (60 minutes rest in the supine position)

    Mean RR, SDNN e rMSSD

  13. heart rate variability indices in the frequency domain

    Time frame: At the baseline time (30 minutes rest in the supine position), during the warm-up (15 minutes in the treadmill) and immediately after the warm-up (60 minutes rest in the supine position)

    LF and HF in nu and ms2

  14. heart rate variability indices analyzed in the Poincaré plot

    Time frame: At the baseline time (30 minutes rest in the supine position), during the warm-up (15 minutes in the treadmill) and immediately after the warm-up (60 minutes rest in the supine position)

    SD1 and SD2 in ms

Sponsors and collaborators

Lead sponsor

Paulista University

Other

Registry information

Official study title

Effects of Warm-up Intensity and Blood Flow Restriction: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

Important dates

Study start
2024
Primary completion
2024
Study completion
2024
First posted
Aug 31, 2022
Registry last updated
May 31, 2025

OpenTrials presents study information sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. The official registry record should be consulted for the latest information.

View the official ClinicalTrials.gov record (opens in a new tab)

This listing is for discovery and informational purposes only. It is not medical advice, does not guarantee that a study is recruiting, and does not determine eligibility. Contact the study team and a qualified healthcare professional when considering participation.

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