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NCT Number: NCT06955078

Effects of VMI on Visual Perception, Spatial Awareness and Motor Skills in Preschool Children

The preschool stage is an important period for children to develop their motor, language, cognitive, and social-emotional skills. pre-school years are the best time to intervene and correct developmental delays. VMI is linked to learning-related tasks like writing, measuring it in youngsters is essential. Earlier studies reported that children with deficits in VMI had lower academic achievements, the inadequate spatial organization of written work, and lower performance in mathematics and reading performance. The Beery-Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration, Sixth Edition (Beery VMI-6), determined participants' VMI, VP and motor skills during the pre- and post-tests. Exposure to VMI tasks including, visual perception, spatial awareness and motor skills can be enhanced. VP is assessed by Visual Perception Task (VP Task) and Motor Coordination Task (MC Task) and spatial awareness is assessed by BAS 3.The aim of study is to analyze effects of VMI on visual perception, spatial awareness and motor skills in preschool children.

The current study will be randomized control trial; data will be collected from The Leaders Lyseum School Lahore. The study will include 60 children equally divided into two groups and randomly allocated. Inclusion criteria for the study will be Children age 4 to 6 years old and all will be right-handed dominant with no history of visual or neurological abnormalities and exclusion criteria will be Children who presented a disability indicating a central nervous system dysfunction children age below 4 Years and above 6 years. One experimental group will perform Visual Motor Tasks, the other controlled group will perform routine class tasks. Pre and post assessment will be done. Outcomes to be analyzed will be enhancement in visual perception, spatial awareness and motor skills in preschool children by after performing VMI tasks. Data collection will be done before and after the intervention. Tools used for data collection will be. Data will be analyzed through SPSS version 23.00.

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Key information

Conditions

Preschool Children

Age range

4 year–6 year

Sex eligibility

All sexes

Study type

Interventional

Phase

Not applicable

Primary location

About this study

Group A Experimental (Visual motor integration Group): Group A will perform all the class along with the VMI tasks include:

  • Drawing (pictures and shapes for geometry)
  • Handwriting components-letter formation, sizing, spacing, and line orientation
  • Writing fluency (speed and accuracy)
  • Reproducing drawings, letters, etc. from the board or a book
  • Understanding left and right or other directional concepts
  • Gross motor and PE activities Visual Perception Task (VP Task) the VP task will be used to measure an individual's visual abilities.
  • Discriminating and understanding left from right
  • Matching objects or images
  • Recognizing letters and numbers
  • Providing or obtaining directions
  • Visualizing objects or past experiences
  • Developing eye-hand coordination

Group B Control group (Free play group): In this group only class work will be done no VMI tasks are assigned and performed. The participants will be assessed by using The Beery Visual Motor Integration 6th Edition will be used to measure the integration of visual perception and motor skills and VP task will be used to measure an individual's visual abilities.

Who can participate

Healthy volunteers accepted: No

Only the study team can determine whether someone qualifies for participation.

Inclusion criteria

  • Children were 4 to 6 years old
  • No history of visual or neurological abnormalities

Exclusion criteria

  • • Children who presented a disability indicating a central nervous system dysfunction
  • Children wearing glasses

Treatment and study plan

Visual Motor Integration

Other

The Beery Visual Motor Integration will be used to measure the integration of visual perception and motor skills as the participant children imitated and copied a developmentally sequential series of geometric forms using pencil and paper. As the task progressed, the levels of difficulty in geometric forms increased.

VP task will be used to measure an individual's visual abilities without the integration of fine motor skills. Children will be asked to point to the item in the array, which was identical to the target figure. The choices will be written on answer sheets by experimenters or children themselves. Elapsed time will be recorded beginning with Item 7, and the task discontinued after 3 minutes. Children will be told to connect dots and to draw within provided borders. Elapsed time was recorded beginning with Item 7 and the task ended up after 5 minutes.

Primary outcomes

  1. Beery-Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration (Beery VMI)

    Time frame: 12 weeks

    Visual Motor Integration Task (VMI Task) The Beery VMI 6th Edition (33) will be used to measure the integration of visual perception and motor skills as the participant children imitated and copied a developmentally sequential series of geometric forms using pencil and paper. As the task progressed, the levels of difficulty in geometric forms increased.

    VP task will be used to measure an individual's visual abilities without the integration of fine motor skills. Children will be asked to point to the item in the array, which was identical to the target figure. The choices will be written on answer sheets by experimenters or children themselves.

  2. Test of Spatial Assembly (TOSA)

    Time frame: 12 Weeks

    For each of the 2-D and 3-D portions of the TOSA, participants will receive a training trial followed by six test trials. During each test trial, the child will be shown a target figure composed of either 2-D geometric shapes or 3-D interlocking blocks. The child will be provided individual pieces, matching those in the target, and will be instructed to make their pieces look just like the target figure. The task required participants to exercise spatial visualization, shape decomposition and composition, and manual construction of complex shape forms in planar space and 3-dimensional space.

Study contacts

Contact information is provided by the study sponsor or research team.

IMRAN AMJAD, PhD

CONTACT

[email protected]

92333224390125

Muhammad Asif Javed, MS-PT

CONTACT

[email protected]

923224209422

Sponsors and collaborators

Lead sponsor

Riphah International University

Other

Registry information

Official study title

Effects of Visual Motor Integration on Visual Perception, Spatial Awareness and Motor Skills in Preschool Children

Important dates

Study start
2025
Primary completion
2025
Study completion
2025
First posted
May 2, 2025
Registry last updated
May 2, 2025

OpenTrials presents study information sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. The official registry record should be consulted for the latest information.

View the official ClinicalTrials.gov record (opens in a new tab)

This listing is for discovery and informational purposes only. It is not medical advice, does not guarantee that a study is recruiting, and does not determine eligibility. Contact the study team and a qualified healthcare professional when considering participation.

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