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Completed

NCT Number: NCT07721077

Effects of Velocity-based Training on Physical Fitness and Skills Performance Among Aerobic Gymnast Athletes in Henan, China

The main objective of this study is to examine the effect of 8 weeks of Velocity-based training on physical fitness and aerobic gymnastics skills performance among college aerobic gymnastics athletes in Henan, China

1. To examine the effects of Velocity-based training across pretest, posttest 1, and posttest 2 on selected fitness components in terms of power, strength, speed, agility, balance, endurance, coordination, and flexibility among aerobic gymnast athletes in Henan, China. 2. To evaluate the effects of Velocity-based training across pretest, posttest 1 and posttest 2 on selected parameters of gymnast athletes skills in Group A Floor Elements (Family 1 Dynamic Strength: A-Frame, Family 2 Static Strength: Support, Family 3 Leg Circle: Helicopter), Group B Airborne Elements (Family 4 Dynamic Jump: Air Turn, Family 5 Form Jump: Cossack, Family 6 Split Leap: Switch Split ), and Group C Stanning Elements(Family Turns: Turn) of aerobic gymnasts from Henan, China. 3. To examine the effects of Velocity-based training across pretest, posttest 1, and posttest 2 on the skills performance of aerobic gymnasts in terms of scoring routines.

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Key information

Conditions

Health Sport Training

Age range

18 year–24 year

Sex eligibility

All sexes

Study type

Interventional

Phase

Not applicable

Primary location

Velocity-based training

Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, China

Who can participate

Healthy volunteers accepted: Yes

Only the study team can determine whether someone qualifies for participation.

Inclusion criteria

  • College aerobics athletes.
  • Participants must have received at least one year of training in a Henan provincial college training team and be a formal aerobic gymnast in a Shandong provincial college.
  • Participants must have participated in the Henan provincial aerobic gymnastics national team selection competition.

Exclusion criteria

  • Participants have high levels of asymmetry due to congenital physical dysplasia (Smith, 2020).
  • History of sports injuries within the past year and continuous treatment.
  • Participants who cannot complete the entire experimental training due to participating in the professional competition schedule.

Treatment and study plan

Velocity-Based Training (VBT)

Behavioral

Velocity-based training (VBT) is a resistance training method in which training loads are prescribed and adjusted in real time based on movement velocity feedback (kinematic outcomes).

Other names: VBT

Conventional Resistance Training

Behavioral

Thirty university aerobic gymnasts underwent an 8-week conventional (percentage-based) resistance training program following the athletes' standard training schedule, without velocity monitoring or feedback.

Other names: Conventional Training / Percentage-Based Training

Primary outcomes

  1. Strength: One-Repetition Maximum Bench Press and Back Squat

    Time frame: Assessed at baseline (Week 0), Week 4, and Week 8 of the 8-week training intervention.

    Maximal upper-body strength (1RM bench press) and lower-body strength (1RM back squat) were each assessed using standardised one-repetition maximum (1RM) testing protocols. Values are reported separately for bench press and back squat, both in kilograms (kg). Higher values indicate greater maximal strength.

  2. Power: Standing Long Jump Distance

    Time frame: Assessed at baseline (Week 0), Week 4, and Week 8 of the 8-week training intervention.

    Power was assessed using the standing long jump (SLJ) test, measured as horizontal jump distance in centimetres (cm) using a tape measure. Higher values indicate greater lower-body power.

  3. Speed: 30-Metre Sprint Time

    Time frame: Assessed at baseline (Week 0), Week 4, and Week 8 of the 8-week training intervention.

    Linear sprinting speed was assessed using a 30-metre sprint test, timed with a stopwatch and recorded in seconds (s). Lower values indicate faster sprint speed (better performance).

  4. Agility: Illinois Agility Test Time

    Time frame: Assessed at baseline (Week 0), Week 4, and Week 8 of the 8-week training intervention.

    Change-of-direction agility was assessed using the Illinois Agility Test (IAT), timed with a stopwatch and recorded in seconds (s). Lower values indicate better agility performance.

  5. Endurance: Trunk Flexor Test Time

    Time frame: Assessed at baseline (Week 0), Week 4, and Week 8 of the 8-week training intervention.

    Endurance was assessed using the Trunk Flexor Test (TFT), a timed isometric hold test recorded in seconds (s) using a stopwatch. Higher values indicate greater muscular endurance.

  6. Balance: Y-Balance Test Composite Reach Distance

    Time frame: Assessed at baseline (Week 0), Week 4, and Week 8 of the 8-week training intervention.

    Dynamic balance was assessed using the Y-Balance Test (YBT), with composite reach distance measured in centimetres (cm) using the Y-Balance Test instrument. Higher values indicate better dynamic balance.

  7. Coordination: Wall-Toss Test Successful Catches

    Time frame: Assessed at baseline (Week 0), Week 4, and Week 8 of the 8-week training intervention.

    Upper-limb neuromuscular coordination was assessed using the Wall-Toss Test (WTT), recorded as the number of successful ball catches completed within a fixed 30-second trial. Higher values indicate better coordination. Note: this measure is a count of catches, not a time-based measurement.

  8. Flexibility: Sit-and-Reach Distance

    Time frame: Assessed at baseline (Week 0), Week 4, and Week 8 of the 8-week training intervention.

    Flexibility was assessed using the Sit-and-Reach (SAR) test, measured in centimetres (cm) using a sit-and-reach box. Higher values indicate greater flexibility.

  9. Aerobic Gymnastics Skill Score: Dynamic Strength (Explosive A-Frame)

    Time frame: Assessed at baseline (Week 0), Week 4, and Week 8 of the 8-week training intervention.

    Execution of the Family 1 Dynamic Strength difficulty element (Explosive A-Frame) was scored by certified judges according to the FIG Aerobic Gymnastics Code of Points (2025), on a scale of 0 to 10 points. Higher scores indicate better technical execution.

  10. Aerobic Gymnastics Skill Score: Static Strength (Straddle Planche)

    Time frame: Assessed at baseline (Week 0), Week 4, and Week 8 of the 8-week training intervention.

    Execution of the Family 2 Static Strength difficulty element (Straddle Planche) was scored by certified judges according to the FIG Aerobic Gymnastics Code of Points (2025), on a scale of 0 to 10 points. Higher scores indicate better technical execution.

  11. Aerobic Gymnastics Skill Score: Leg Circle (Helicopter)

    Time frame: Assessed at baseline (Week 0), Week 4, and Week 8 of the 8-week training intervention.

    Execution of the Family 3 Leg Circle difficulty element (Helicopter) was scored by certified judges according to the FIG Aerobic Gymnastics Code of Points (2025), on a scale of 0 to 10 points. Higher scores indicate better technical execution.

  12. Aerobic Gymnastics Skill Score: Dynamic Jump (Scale Twist)

    Time frame: Assessed at baseline (Week 0), Week 4, and Week 8 of the 8-week training intervention.

    Execution of the Family 4 Dynamic Jump difficulty element (Scale Twist) was scored by certified judges according to the FIG Aerobic Gymnastics Code of Points (2025), on a scale of 0 to 10 points. Higher scores indicate better technical execution.

  13. Aerobic Gymnastics Skill Score: Form Jump (Cossack Jump)

    Time frame: Assessed at baseline (Week 0), Week 4, and Week 8 of the 8-week training intervention.

    Execution of the Family 5 Form Jump difficulty element (Cossack Jump) was scored by certified judges according to the FIG Aerobic Gymnastics Code of Points (2025), on a scale of 0 to 10 points. Higher scores indicate better technical execution.

  14. Aerobic Gymnastics Skill Score: Split Leap (Scissors Leap Turn)

    Time frame: Assessed at baseline (Week 0), Week 4, and Week 8 of the 8-week training intervention.

    Execution of the Family 6 Split Leap difficulty element (Scissors Leap Turn) was scored by certified judges according to the FIG Aerobic Gymnastics Code of Points (2025), on a scale of 0 to 10 points. Higher scores indicate better technical execution.

  15. Aerobic Gymnastics Skill Score: Turn (Double Illusion)

    Time frame: Assessed at baseline (Week 0), Week 4, and Week 8 of the 8-week training intervention.

    Execution of the Family 7 Turn difficulty element (Double Illusion) was scored by certified judges according to the FIG Aerobic Gymnastics Code of Points (2025), on a scale of 0 to 10 points. Higher scores indicate better technical execution.

  16. Aerobic Gymnastics Overall Routine Score

    Time frame: Assessed at baseline (Week 0), Week 4, and Week 8 of the 8-week training intervention.

    Overall competitive routine performance was scored by certified judges according to the FIG Aerobic Gymnastics Code of Points (2025), combining Difficulty (D-Score), Execution (E-Score), and Artistry (A-Score) components. Total score is reported in points with no fixed upper bound; higher scores indicate better overall routine performance.

Sponsors and collaborators

Lead sponsor

Ma Kui

Other

Collaborators

  • Qufu Normal University

Registry information

Important dates

Study start
2026
Primary completion
2026
Study completion
2026
First posted
Jul 22, 2026
Registry last updated
Jul 22, 2026

OpenTrials presents study information sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. The official registry record should be consulted for the latest information.

View the official ClinicalTrials.gov record (opens in a new tab)

This listing is for discovery and informational purposes only. It is not medical advice, does not guarantee that a study is recruiting, and does not determine eligibility. Contact the study team and a qualified healthcare professional when considering participation.

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