Effects of Varenicline on Smoking Reminders

Inclusion criteria

• Physically healthy male or female nicotine dependent patients ages 18-60 without other current drug dependence or psychiatric diagnosis.
• Smoke ≥ 10 cigarettes per day for at least 6 months prior to study start date.
• Females must be non-pregnant, non-lactating and either be of non-childbearing potential (i.e. sterilized via hysterectomy or bilateral tubal ligation or at least 1 year post-menopausal) or of child bearing potential but practicing a medically acceptable method of birth control from at least 2 weeks prior to screening until 30 days after the last dose of varenicline. Examples of medically acceptable methods for this protocol include barrier (diaphragm or condom) with spermicide, an intrauterine (IUD), oral contraceptives, levonorgestrel implant, or complete abstinence.
• Subjects provide voluntary informed consent.
• Subjects must read at 8th grade level or higher.

Exclusion criteria

• History of head trauma or injury causing loss of consciousness, lasting more than three (3) minutes or associated with skull fracture or inter-cranial bleeding or abnormal MRI.
• Presence of magnetically active prosthetics, plates, pins, permanent retainer, bullets, etc. in patient's body (unless a radiologist confirms that it's presence is unproblematic). An x-ray may be obtained to determine eligibility given the possibility of a foreign body.
• Self report of HIV positive and on medication for symptoms: Determined on an individual basis by results from the physical examination and final approval by the study physician.
• Symptomatic presence of other hematological disease.
• Clinically significant hepatic (liver), renal (kidney), neurological, or endocrinological abnormalities.
• History of any cardiovascular event within the last 6 months and any serious/significant cardiovascular event in the subject's life. This will be determined on an individual basis by the study physician.
• History of psychosis or seizures.
• Use of medications or natural herbs that may cause sedation or may effect the brain systems that are being studied (medication use will be evaluated on a case-by-case basis).
• Claustrophobia or other medical condition preventing subject from lying in the MRI for approximately one (1) hour.