Effects of Trans-Auricular Vagal Stimulation on Neuromotor Recovery in Subacute Stroke During Technological and Traditional Training

The FMA-UE is a scale used to measure sensorimotor impairment. Scores range from 0 to 66, where higher scores indicate better motor function.

The FIM assesses the physical and cognitive disability of a patient. Total scores range from 18 to 126, where higher scores indicate greater independence in activities of daily living.

The Barthel Index measures the extent to which a person can function independently and has mobility in activities of daily living (ADL). The total score ranges from 0 to 100, where higher scores indicate better performance and greater independence.

The MMSE is a 30-point questionnaire used to measure cognitive impairment. Scores range from 0 to 30, where higher scores indicate better cognitive function (scores ≥24 are typically considered normal).

The FAB is a brief tool to assess frontal lobe functions (executive functions). Total scores range from 0 to 18, where higher scores indicate better executive performance.

The PHQ-9 is a multipurpose instrument for screening, monitoring, and measuring the severity of depression. Scores range from 0 to 27. Higher scores indicate worse outcome (greater severity of depressive symptoms)

The GAD-7 is a self-reported questionnaire for screening and severity measuring of generalized anxiety disorder. Scores range from 0 to 21. Higher scores indicate worse outcome (greater severity of anxiety symptoms).

Evaluation of the N20 peak latency (measured in milliseconds) and/or the N20-P25 amplitude (measured in microvolts) of the Somatosensory Evoked Potentials following stimulation of the median nerve at the wrist. Lower latency values and higher amplitude values indicate better neurological conduction and somatosensory pathway integrity.