Effects of Tourniquet Applied During Total Knee Replacement Surgery on Patient Hemodynamics and Blood Table

The activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) is a screening test which isolates the 'intrinsic' and 'common' pathways of the in vitro coagulation cascade model. Coagulation factors and cofactors within each pathway operate in concert to generate a fibrin clot end-point, the time taken to form the clot being the APTT.

Prothrombin Time (PT) : is an assay for evaluating the extrinsic pathway and common pathway of coagulation

Measured value used to monitor treatment with anticoagulants and to provide information on how quickly the blood clots. INR value of 1 = no anticoagulation; INR value of 2 = coagulation is prolonged 2-fold; INR value of 3 = coagulation is prolonged 3-fold.

D-dimer (or D dimer) is a dimer that is a fibrin degradation product (FDP), a small protein fragment present in the blood after a blood clot is degraded by fibrinolysis.

C-reactive protein (CRP) is an annular pentameric protein found in blood plasma, whose circulating concentrations rise in response to inflammation

It is considered a biomarker specific to bacterial infections.

Ferritin is an iron storage protein that also plays a role in numerous other conditions, including inflammatory, neurodegenerative and malignant diseases.

D-dimer is a byproduct of the blood clotting and breakdown process.

Is a soluble protein present in blood plasma, from which fibrin is produced by the action of the enzyme thrombin.

Lactate is a bi-product constantly produced in the body during normal metabolism and exercise

Mean arterial pressure (MAP) is the average arterial pressure throughout one cardiac cycle, systole, and diastole.

Expressed in mmHg

Heart rate is the frequency of the heartbeat measured by the number of contractions of the heart per minute

The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), calculated as a simple ratio between the neutrophil and lymphocyte counts measured in peripheral blood, is a biomarker which conjugates two faces of the immune system: the innate immune response, mainly due to neutrophils, and adaptive immunity, supported by lymphocytes

It is an inflammatory cytokine that has various physiological functions and pathological significance, playing an important role in health and disease.

Is a potent anti-inflammatory cytokine that plays a crucial, and often essential, role in preventing inflammatory and autoimmune pathologies.

Is a soluble mediator with pleiotropic effects on inflammation, immune response and hematopoiesis.

Is a cytokine that has pleiotropic effects on various cell types and has been identified as a major regulator of inflammatory responses and plays a role in the pathogenesis of some inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.