Effects of Smoking Addiction on Lower Limb Speed and Coordination

This non-randomized controlled study will aim to evaluate the effects of smoking addiction on the speed and coordination of lower extremity movements among healthy young adults. Smoking is known to have detrimental effects on vascular, musculoskeletal, and neurological systems, yet its impact on motor performance-particularly in the lower limbs-has not been sufficiently studied.

Participants aged 18-25 will be categorized into smoker and non-smoker groups based on DSM-IV-TR nicotine dependence criteria and the Fagerström Test. The Lower Extremity Motor Coordination Test (LEMOCOT) will be used to assess motor coordination, while a 30-meter sprint test will evaluate movement speed. Additionally, body mass index (BMI) and bimalleolar diameter and circumference will be recorded to control for confounding physical variables.

All assessments will be conducted in a controlled laboratory environment. The results will be analyzed to determine whether smoking addiction is associated with impaired lower limb motor function. The findings may provide new insights into the functional consequences of smoking in young adults and contribute to the design of preventive and rehabilitative strategies.

Inclusion criteria

• Smoking ≥1 cigarette daily for at least 12 months
• Age between 18-25
• Literate and cooperative
• BMI: 18.5-29.9 kg/m²

Exclusion criteria

• Orthopedic, neurological, or neuromuscular conditions impairing walking
• Chronic pulmonary or cardiac disease
• Cognitive impairment
• BMI ≥30 kg/m²