Effects of Rectal Indomethacin Suppository on Postoperative CRBD in Patients Undergoing LRP

Inclusion criteria

• Aged 18 to 80 years old (inclusive);
• American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status classification Class I-III;
• Undergoing elective laparoscopic radical prostatectomy under general anesthesia;
• Having a clear understanding of the study, voluntarily participating, and providing informed consent signed by themselves or their family members.

Exclusion criteria

• Pre-existing bladder diseases, such as overactive bladder (frequency of micturition > 3 times per night or > 8 times within 24 hours), neurogenic bladder, and bladder outlet obstruction;
• Postoperative status of pelvic organs or spine that affects bladder function;
• Postoperative status of total proctocolectomy;
• Severe cardiac insufficiency (activity tolerance < 4 METs) or clearly diagnosed coronary heart disease;
• Clearly diagnosed chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or a history of asthma;
• Hepatic insufficiency with Child-Pugh Class C;
• Chronic kidney disease requiring dialysis;
• Active peptic ulcer/hemorrhagic disease;
• Body mass index (BMI) ≤ 18 kg/m² or ≥ 28 kg/m²;
• Chronic analgesic abuse;
• Use of other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) within one week;
• Hypersensitivity to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs);
• Mental or neurological disorders that prevent the completion of rating scales; or cognitive impairment resulting in the loss of capacity for civil conduct.