Effects of Music Therapy on Anesthetic Requirements and Hemodynamic Parameters

After institutional ethics approval and written informed consent, 159 adult patients (ASA I-III) scheduled for elective thoracic surgery under general anesthesia were enrolled. Patients were randomized by sealed-envelope method into three groups: Group T (Sufi music), Group B (Classical Western music), and Group C (control, no music). Music was delivered via over-ear headphones from induction until the end of surgery. Sedation was evaluated using the Riker Sedation-Agitation Scale (RSAS), and pain using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Hemodynamic variables, anesthetic agent consumption, and postoperative recovery parameters were recorded.

Inclusion criteria

• Age 18 and over,
• American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification I-III,
• No hearing acuity,
• Volunteer to participate in the study,
• Cooperative and oriented,
• No history of psychiatric illness and/or psychiatric medication use,

Exclusion criteria

• Patients who were under 18 years,
• ASA classification >III,
• had hearing loss,
• had a psychiatric diagnosis and/or were taking antipsychotic/antidepressant/mood stabilizer medications,
• were uncooperative (dementia, mental retardation, etc.),
• Major complications during the intraoperative or postoperative period, (respiratory failure, hemodynamic instability, hypoxia, serious arrhythmia, cardiac arrest, etc.)
• Emergency surgery,
• had a history of alcohol or drug abuse,
• did not speak Turkish,
• did not consent to participate in the study.