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NCT Number: NCT07598123

Effects of Multi-component Exercise on Physical Performance and Sleep Quality in Older Adults

This quasi-experimental study evaluated the effects of an 8-week multi-component group exercise program on physical performance and sleep quality among community-dwelling older adults in Taiwan. Participants were recruited from four community care sites in central Taiwan. The intervention group participated in a structured exercise program consisting of aerobic, resistance, balance, and flexibility training conducted at a university-affiliated senior fitness club, while the control group maintained their usual community activities.

Primary outcomes included physical performance and sleep quality. Physical performance was assessed using gait speed, chair stand, arm curl, grip strength, balance, and walking tests. Sleep quality was measured using the Chinese version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (CPSQI). Heart rate recovery was evaluated as a secondary outcome. Pre- and post-intervention assessments were conducted to determine the effectiveness of the intervention.

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Key information

Conditions

Aging Behavior Dyssomnias Mental Disorders Motor Activity Nervous System Diseases Physical Performance Sleep Disorders, Intrinsic Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders Sleep Quality Sleep Wake Disorders

Age range

65 year–90 year

Sex eligibility

All sexes

Study type

Interventional

Phase

Not applicable

Primary location

Tunghai University

Taichung, 407224, Taiwan

About this study

Population ageing increases the importance of interventions that promote healthy ageing and prevent functional decline. Exercise interventions have demonstrated benefits for mobility, muscular strength, balance, cardiovascular health, and quality of life in older adults. However, evidence regarding structured multi-component exercise programs integrated with senior-friendly smart fitness equipment and their effects on sleep quality remains limited.

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of an 8-week multi-component group exercise program on physical performance and sleep quality in community-dwelling older adults in Taiwan. The intervention was designed according to the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) recommendations for older adults and incorporated aerobic exercise, resistance training, balance training, and flexibility exercises.

Participants in the intervention group attended weekly 100-minute exercise sessions consisting of warm-up activities, whole-body vibration training, treadmill or stationary bicycle aerobic exercise, hydraulic-based isokinetic resistance training, and cool-down exercises. Exercise intensity was monitored using heart rate and session rating of perceived exertion (sRPE). The control group maintained their regular community activities without structured exercise intervention.

The primary outcomes were changes in physical performance and sleep quality. Secondary outcomes included heart rate recovery as an indicator of cardiovascular fitness. This study provides evidence regarding the feasibility and effectiveness of community-based multi-component exercise programs for older adults.

Who can participate

Healthy volunteers accepted: Yes

Only the study team can determine whether someone qualifies for participation.

Inclusion criteria

  • Community-dwelling older adults aged 65 to 90 years.
  • Able to communicate in Mandarin or Taiwanese.
  • Able to participate in exercise activities.
  • Provided written informed consent.

Exclusion criteria

  • Contraindications to exercise, including recent myocardial infarction, acute cardiovascular events, acute infection, or renal disease symptoms.
  • Use of ambulatory assistive devices.
  • Regular physical activity exceeding 150 minutes per week.
  • Positive responses indicating elevated exercise risk on the Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire (PAR-Q).

Treatment and study plan

Multi-component Group Exercise Program

Behavioral

Participants attended weekly 100-minute supervised exercise sessions including warm-up stretching, aerobic exercise using treadmills and stationary bicycles, whole-body vibration training, resistance exercise using hydraulic isokinetic equipment, and cool-down activities. Exercise intensity was monitored using heart rate and perceived exertion.

Other names: Exercise

Primary outcomes

  1. Time to Walk 4 Meters

    Time frame: Baseline and week 8

    Time required to walk 4 meters at usual pace. Gait speed is expressed in meters per second (m/s).

  2. Chair Stand Test

    Time frame: Baseline and week 8

    The Chair Stand Test assesses lower-body muscle strength by measuring the time required for participants to complete five chair stands consecutively with arms crossed over the chest.

  3. 30-second Arm Curl Test

    Time frame: baseline and week 8

    The 30-second Arm Curl Test assesses upper-body muscle endurance by counting the number of arm curls completed within 30 seconds using a dumbbell weighing 2.27 kg for women and 3.63 kg for men.

  4. Grip Strength Test

    Time frame: baseline and week 8

    The Grip Strength Test assesses hand muscle strength using a hand dynamometer. Participants perform maximal grip force with the dominant hand, and the measured force is recorded in kilograms.

  5. Side-by-Side Stand Test

    Time frame: baseline and week 8

    The Side-by-Side Stand Test assesses static balance by measuring the participant's ability to maintain a side-by-side standing position without assistance.

  6. Tandem Stand Test

    Time frame: baseline and week 8

    The Tandem Stand Test assesses static balance by measuring the length of time participants can maintain a heel-to-toe standing position, up to a maximum of 10 seconds.

  7. 2.44-meter Timed Walk Test

    Time frame: baseline and week 8

    The 2.44-meter Timed Walk Test assesses mobility and dynamic balance by recording the time required for participants to stand up from a seated position, walk 2.44 meters around a cone, and return to the chair.

  8. Sleep Quality

    Time frame: Baseline and week 8

    Sleep quality was assessed with the Chinese version of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (CPSQI), a validated translation of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). It includes nine self-reported items scored across seven domains: subjective sleep quality, latency, duration, habitual efficiency, sleep disturbances, use of sleep medication, and daytime dysfunction, all assessed over the past month. Scores range from 0 to 21, with scores greater than 5 indicating poor sleep quality.

Secondary outcomes

  1. Heart Rate Recovery

    Time frame: Week 1 and Week 8

    Heart rate recovery (HRR) was assessed two minutes after treadmill exercise and defined as the difference between heart rate immediately post-exercise and at two minutes recovery.

Sponsors and collaborators

Lead sponsor

Tunghai University

Other

Collaborators

  • Ministry of Education, Taiwan

Registry information

Official study title

Effects of a Multi-component Group Exercise Program on Physical Performance and Sleep Quality in Older Adults: A Quasi-Experimental Study

Important dates

Study start
2024
Primary completion
2024
Study completion
2025
First posted
May 20, 2026
Registry last updated
Jul 16, 2026

OpenTrials presents study information sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. The official registry record should be consulted for the latest information.

View the official ClinicalTrials.gov record (opens in a new tab)

This listing is for discovery and informational purposes only. It is not medical advice, does not guarantee that a study is recruiting, and does not determine eligibility. Contact the study team and a qualified healthcare professional when considering participation.

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