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OpenTrials
Completed

NCT Number: NCT07178405

Effects of Meal Characteristics on Appetite

The overall aim of the study is to determine effects of different meal characteristics on energy intake, eating rate and appetite.

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Key information

Conditions

Obesity and Obesity-related Medical Conditions Appetite Body Weight Nutrition Disorders Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases Obesity Overnutrition Overweight Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms Signs and Symptoms

Age range

18 year–64 year

Sex eligibility

All sexes

Study type

Interventional

Phase

Not applicable

Primary location

University of Gothenburg

Gothenburg, 40530, Sweden

Who can participate

Healthy volunteers accepted: Yes

Only the study team can determine whether someone qualifies for participation.

Inclusion criteria

  • Age 18-64 years
  • Body mass index (BMI) 18.5-35.0 kg/m2
  • Weight stability the last 3 months +/-5%

Exclusion criteria

  • Food allergies, intolerances or preferences preventing consumption of any products included in the study.
  • Unable to sufficiently understand written and spoken Swedish or English to provide written consent and understand information and instructions from the study personal.
  • Pregnant, lactating or planning a pregnancy during the study period.
  • History of stomach or gastrointestinal conditions or major gastrointestinal surgery (Inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn's disease, malabsorption, colostomy, bowel resection, gastric bypass surgery etc.)
  • Type 1 diabetes or type 2 diabetes.
  • Drug treated thyroid disorder

•- Following any weight reduction program or having followed one during the last 6 months prior to screening.

  • Medication for weight reduction purpose effecting appetite or fat absorption (e.g. GLP-1 analogues, orlistat)
  • Severe dysfunctional eating behavior based on Three Factor Eating Questionnaire

Treatment and study plan

Meal low in energy density, low in ultra-processed food

Other

Meal low in energy density, low in ultra-processed food

Other names: LL

Meal low in energy density, high in ultra-processed food

Other

Meal low in energy density, high in ultra-processed food

Other names: LH

Meal high in energy density, low in ultra-processed food

Other

Meal high in energy density, low in ultra-processed food

Other names: HL

Meal high in energy density, high in ultra-processed food

Other

Meal high in energy density, high in ultra-processed food

Other names: HH

Primary outcomes

  1. Energy intake

    Time frame: Baseline until 1 hour, or completion of the meal (which ever comes first)

    Energy intake estimated by nutrient calculation of leftover food

  2. Eating rate

    Time frame: Baseline until 1 hour, or completion of the meal (which ever comes first)

    Time it takes to eat the study meal until satisfied

Secondary outcomes

  1. Self-reported appetite

    Time frame: Before, and after the meal (before meal and after 30 minutes, 1hour, 1.5 hours, 2 hours and 4 hours)

    Self-reported appetite, using Visual Analogue Scales

  2. Self-reported prospective energy intake

    Time frame: From 30 min until midnight or bedtime (which ever comes first)

    Self-reported prospective energy intake during the remainder of the day

Sponsors and collaborators

Lead sponsor

Göteborg University

Other

Registry information

Official study title

Effects of Meal Characteristics on Appetite: a Randomized Controlled Trial

Important dates

Study start
2025
Primary completion
2025
Study completion
2025
First posted
Sep 17, 2025
Registry last updated
Feb 4, 2026

OpenTrials presents study information sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. The official registry record should be consulted for the latest information.

View the official ClinicalTrials.gov record (opens in a new tab)

This listing is for discovery and informational purposes only. It is not medical advice, does not guarantee that a study is recruiting, and does not determine eligibility. Contact the study team and a qualified healthcare professional when considering participation.

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