Effects of Implementing a Program to Develop Emotional Skills and Post-traumatic Growth in Adolescents and Young Adults Receiving Child Welfare Services-a Pilot Study in the Haute-Loire Department

score assessed by Emotional Skills Profile. 45 items from this instrument assess the management of one's own emotions. 15 subscale covers five skills : identifying, understanding, expressing, regulating, and using emotions, over 3 targets : self / others / context Each item is rated on a 5-point Likert scale. The total ESP score ranges from 45 to 225 (45 items rated from 1 to 5) and reflects the overall level of emotional skills, with a low score indicating poorly developed skills, a medium score indicating adequate emotional functioning, and a high score indicating good abilities to identify, express, regulate, and use emotions.

Score assessed by Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI) This 21-item questionnaire measures perceived positive psychological changes following adversity. It covers five dimensions: relationships with others, personal strength, new possibilities, spiritual changes, and appreciation of life.

The score is calculated by adding up the scores for the 21 items (rated from 0 = no change to 5 = very significant change), giving a total score between 0 and 105. Subscale scores can also be obtained by adding up the items corresponding to each of the five dimensions.

A low score indicates little perceived positive change after the event, a moderate score indicates partial growth, and a high score indicates significant positive psychological transformation.

Mental well-being will be assessed using the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale.The total WEMWBS score ranges from 14 to 70 and reflects the overall level of mental well-being, with a low score indicating reduced well-being, a medium score indicating moderate well-being, and a high score indicating significant and positive mental well-being.

Psychological distress will be measured using the French version of the Kessler Brief Symptom Inventory (K6). This 6-item self-report questionnaire assesses the frequency of nonspecific emotional distress symptoms (e.g., feeling "nervous" or "despairing") over the past 30 days. Responses are given on a 5-point scale indicating frequency (from "Never" to "All the time"). To calculate the score, responses are rated from 0 to 4, generating a total score ranging from 0 to 24, where a higher score indicates greater distress.

The Behavioral Rating Inventory of Executive Functions is a self-assessment questionnaire for executive functions. It comprises 75 items assessing 9 areas of executive functions. The total score is expressed as a T-score (mean 50, standard deviation 10) and reflects the overall level of executive functioning, with a T-score ≥ 65 indicating significant difficulties, T 60-64 indicating a borderline area, and T < 60 indicating average executive functioning.

The Attention Assessment Tests score is summarized by standardized scores or percentiles for each domain (sustained, divided, selective attention, and motor inhibition), reflecting overall attentional performance, where high scores indicate adequate attention and executive control, and low scores reveal specific difficulties in one or more aspects of attention.

The ARITHMETIC and NUMBER MEMORY subtests of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale can be used to assess working memory. The Working Memory Index, based on the Arithmetic and Number Memory subtests, is expressed as a standard score (mean 100, standard deviation 15 for the overall index, or 10/3 for the subtests) and reflects working memory capacity, where a low score indicates difficulties in maintaining and manipulating information, an average score indicates expected functioning, and a high score indicates above-average working memory.