Effects of Immulina TM Supplements With PASC Patients

Differences in Interleukin 6 from baseline to 12 weeks

Differences in C-Reactive Protein from baseline to 12 weeks.

Differences in D-Dimer from baseline to 12 weeks.

Differences in questionnaire PROMIS-29, Domain T-scores PROMIS-29 is a collection of short forms containing a fixed number of items from the same 7 PROMIS domains (physical function, anxiety, depression, fatigue, sleep disturbance, ability to participate in social roles and activities, and pain interference) plus a single item on pain intensity. They assess all domains over the past seven days except the Physical Function, which has no timeframe specified. Four questions asked for each of 7 domains, plus the single pain intensity item and scored separately, yielding a total of 7 domain scores. The final score is represented by the T-Score, a standardized score with a mean of 50 and a standard deviation [SD] of 10. High scores mean more of the concept being measured (e.g., more fatigue, more Physical Function).

Differences in Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) questionnaire between baseline to 12 weeks

Changes in questionnaire FSS, units on a scale, results that reflect PASC-associated symptoms of fatigue, neurocognitive dysfunction, dyspnea and/or other symptoms.

The questionnaire FSS contains nine statements that rate the severity of fatigue symptoms. Respondents rate their fatigue severity during the past seven days using a 7 point rating scale. A low value (e.g.1) indicates strong disagreement with the statement, whereas a high value (e.g.7) indicates strong agreement. A total score of less than 36 suggests that the respondent may not be suffering from fatigue. A total score of 36 or more suggests that the respondent may need further evaluation by a physician.

Differences in The Symptom Burden Questionnaire for Long COVID (SBQ-LC TM) questionnaire between baseline to 12 weeks

Changes in questionnaire SBQ-LC TM (units on a scale) results that reflect PASC-associated symptoms of fatigue, neurocognitive dysfunction, dyspnea and/or other symptoms .

SBQ-LC TM (version 1.0) is a modular instrument measuring patient reported outcomes and is composed of 17 independent scales with promising psychometric properties. Respondents rate their symptom burden during the past seven days using a dichotomous response or 4 point rating scale. Each scale provides coverage of a different symptom domain and returns a summed raw score that can be transformed to a linear (0-100) score. Higher scores represent higher symptom burden.

Differences in SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody immune responses: Receptor Binding domain (RBD) and Nucleocapsid (NP) antibody responses between baseline and 12 weeks

Differences in SARS-CoV-2-specific immune responses on memory T cell levels between baseline and 12 weeks

Differences in SARS-CoV-2-specific immune responses on memory B cell levels between baseline and 12 weeks

NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity is characterized by cytolysis of a CSFE-labeled (K562) by effector cells (NK cells). Labeled K562 are cultured with NK cells for a period of time, then all cells labeled with a live-dead stain, 7-AAD. The cytolytic actively is expressed as the percent dead K562.

Difference in cytolytic activity (%dead K562) from baseline to 20 weeks.

Difference in NK cell counts from baseline to 20 weeks.

Difference in CTL cell number from baseline to 20 weeks.

Difference in Interferon alpha from baseline to 20 weeks.

Difference in Interferon gamma from baseline to 20 weeks.