Effects of Hip Blood Flow Restriction and Shockwave Therapy on Q-Angle and Plantar Pressure in Adults With Genu Varum

This study investigates the effects of gluteus medius-focused blood flow restriction (BFR) training with or without radial extracorporeal shockwave therapy (rESWT) on lower limb alignment in adults with genu varum. Genu varum, commonly known as bow-leggedness, can lead to altered biomechanical patterns and increased stress on the medial knee joint. Strengthening the hip muscles, particularly the gluteus medius, may contribute to improved alignment and postural stability.

Participants will undergo two different intervention phases in a crossover design. Each phase includes a 4-week intervention period, with a 2-week washout in between. The primary outcome measures are Q-angle (quadriceps angle) and plantar pressure distribution, which will be assessed before and after each intervention phase using validated measurement tools.

This study aims to determine whether BFR training alone or combined with shockwave therapy provides greater improvement in lower limb alignment in individuals with genu varum. All interventions will be supervised, non-invasive, and conducted in a clinical setting under standardized conditions.

Inclusion criteria

• Adults aged between 20 and 40 years
• Diagnosed with genu varum (inter-knee distance ≥ 3 cm in standing position)
• No pain or surgery history in lower extremities within the last 6 months
• Able to walk independently without assistance
• Provide written informed consent

Exclusion criteria

• Neurological or musculoskeletal disorders affecting gait or posture
• Current use of medication affecting musculoskeletal or circulatory function
• Previous surgery on the spine, pelvis, or lower limbs
• Contraindications to shockwave therapy or BFR training (e.g., thromboembolic - disorders, deep vein thrombosis, cancer, etc.)
• Participation in other clinical trials within the past month