Effects of Dynamic Neuromuscular Stabilization on Pain, Posture, and Quality of Life in Chronic Low Back Pain

The Visual Analog Scale (VAS) will be used to measure pain intensity by having participants mark their perceived level of pain on a 10-centimeter line ranging from 'no pain' to 'worst pain imaginable. The Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for pain ranges from a minimum of 0 to a maximum of 10, with higher scores indicating greater pain intensity.

The New York Posture Analysis is a validated and systematic tool used to evaluate postural alignment and deviations. This method involves visual inspection and scoring of key postural elements, including head, shoulders, spine, pelvis, and lower extremities, in both anterior-posterior and lateral views. Each segment is assessed for alignment and assigned a score based on observed deviations. The total score reflects the overall postural status, with higher scores indicating better postural alignment. This measure will be used to assess changes in posture pre- and post-intervention. The New York Posture Rating Scale scores range from a minimum of 0 to a maximum of 36, with higher scores indicating better posture.

he Oswestry Disability Index is a self-reported questionnaire designed to assess how low back pain affects an individual's ability to perform daily activities. The index consists of 10 sections, each addressing a specific domain: pain intensity, personal care, lifting, walking, sitting, standing, sleeping, sexual life, traveling, and social life. Each section includes six response options scored from 0 (no disability) to 5 (maximum disability). The total score ranges from 0 to 50 points, with higher scores indicating greater levels of disability.

The Short Form-36 (SF-36) Health Survey is a widely used self-reported questionnaire designed to assess health-related quality of life across eight domains: physical functioning, role limitations due to physical health, role limitations due to emotional health, energy/fatigue, emotional well-being, social functioning, pain, and general health perceptions. Each domain is scored on a scale from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating better health and quality of life.

Chest circumference measurement is a simple and reliable method used to assess respiratory patterns and chest expansion. Measurements will be taken at three levels: axillary (upper thoracic), xiphoid (middle thoracic), and subcostal (lower thoracic) regions using a measuring tape. The difference between maximum inspiration and maximum expiration at each level will be recorded to determine the chest expansion.

Lumbar flexion, extension, and right and left lateral flexion will be assessed using a goniometer.