Effects of Diet on Perinatal Mood and Cognition

Assessed using scores from the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale measure. Higher scores indicate higher levels of depressive symptoms. This questionnaire contains 10 items where participants rate how they have been feeling over the past 7 days on a 4-point Likert scale. Scores on this scale fall between 0-30 where higher scores indicate worse outcomes. The EPDS was designed for women who are pregnant or have just had a baby and has shown to be an efficient and effective way of identifying patients at risk for perinatal depression. This measure is suitable for use in new mothers and fathers.

Assessed using scores from the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale measure. Higher scores indicate higher levels of depressive symptoms. This questionnaire contains 10 items where participants rate how they have been feeling over the past 7 days on a 4-point Likert scale. Scores on this scale fall between 0-30 where higher scores indicate worse outcomes. The EPDS was designed for women who are pregnant or have just had a baby and has shown to be an efficient and effective way of identifying patients at risk for perinatal depression. This measure is suitable for use in new mothers and fathers.

Assessed using scores from the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale measure. Higher scores indicate higher levels of depressive symptoms. This questionnaire contains 10 items where participants rate how they have been feeling over the past 7 days on a 4-point Likert scale. Scores on this scale fall between 0-30 where higher scores indicate worse outcomes. The EPDS was designed for women who are pregnant or have just had a baby and has shown to be an efficient and effective way of identifying patients at risk for perinatal depression. This measure is suitable for use in new mothers and fathers.

Assessed using scores from the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale measure. Higher scores indicate higher levels of depressive symptoms. This questionnaire contains 10 items where participants rate how they have been feeling over the past 7 days on a 4-point Likert scale. Scores on this scale fall between 0-30 where higher scores indicate worse outcomes. The EPDS was designed for women who are pregnant or have just had a baby and has shown to be an efficient and effective way of identifying patients at risk for perinatal depression. This measure is suitable for use in new mothers and fathers.

Assessed using scores from the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory- State scale. Higher scores indicate higher levels of anxiety. This questionnaire is a measure of state and trait anxiety containing 40 items in total (20 for trait; 20 for state). Only the state scale (20 items) will be used in current research to measure situational anxiety. Participants are asked to agree or disagree with anxiety-related statements on a scale of 1-4 where higher scores indicate worse outcomes.

Assessed using scores from the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory- State scale. Higher scores indicate higher levels of anxiety. This questionnaire is a measure of state and trait anxiety containing 40 items in total (20 for trait; 20 for state). Only the state scale (20 items) will be used in current research to measure situational anxiety. Participants are asked to agree or disagree with anxiety-related statements on a scale of 1-4 where higher scores indicate worse outcomes.

Assessed using scores from the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory- State scale. Higher scores indicate higher levels of anxiety. This questionnaire is a measure of state and trait anxiety containing 40 items in total (20 for trait; 20 for state). Only the state scale (20 items) will be used in current research to measure situational anxiety. Participants are asked to agree or disagree with anxiety-related statements on a scale of 1-4 where higher scores indicate worse outcomes.

Assessed using scores from the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory- State scale. Higher scores indicate higher levels of anxiety. This questionnaire is a measure of state and trait anxiety containing 40 items in total (20 for trait; 20 for state). Only the state scale (20 items) will be used in current research to measure situational anxiety. Participants are asked to agree or disagree with anxiety-related statements on a scale of 1-4 where higher scores indicate worse outcomes.

Assessed using scores from the Postpartum-Specific Anxiety Scale. This is a 51-item questionnaire that examines the frequency of maternal and infant focused anxieties experienced by women over the last week. It can be used at any time during the first year following birth and is found to be a valid and reliable measure. Each response is given a score of between 1 and 4 with the maximum score being a total of 204, with higher scores indicating higher levels of anxiety where a score of 112 or above indicating likelihood the individual suffering from an anxiety disorder.

Assessed using scores from the Postpartum-Specific Anxiety Scale. This is a 51-item questionnaire that examines the frequency of maternal and infant focused anxieties experienced by women over the last week. It can be used at any time during the first year following birth and is found to be a valid and reliable measure. Each response is given a score of between 1 and 4 with the maximum score being a total of 204, with higher scores indicating higher levels of anxiety where a score of 112 or above indicating likelihood the individual suffering from an anxiety disorder.

Assessed using scores from the Postpartum-Specific Anxiety Scale. This is a 51-item questionnaire that examines the frequency of maternal and infant focused anxieties experienced by women over the last week. It can be used at any time during the first year following birth and is found to be a valid and reliable measure. Each response is given a score of between 1 and 4 with the maximum score being a total of 204, with higher scores indicating higher levels of anxiety where a score of 112 or above indicating likelihood the individual suffering from an anxiety disorder.

Assessed using scores from the Postpartum-Specific Anxiety Scale. This is a 51-item questionnaire that examines the frequency of maternal and infant focused anxieties experienced by women over the last week. It can be used at any time during the first year following birth and is found to be a valid and reliable measure. Each response is given a score of between 1 and 4 with the maximum score being a total of 204, with higher scores indicating higher levels of anxiety where a score of 112 or above indicating likelihood the individual suffering from an anxiety disorder.

Assessed using scores from the Positive and Negative Affect Scale. This questionnaire has 20 items that describe some feelings and emotions. The participant needs to mark how much they are experiencing these feelings on a scale from 1-5. This produces scores of Positive Affect and Negative Affect; higher scores reflect higher positive or negative mood, respectively.

Assessed using scores from the Positive and Negative Affect Scale. This questionnaire has 20 items that describe some feelings and emotions. The participant needs to mark how much they are experiencing these feelings on a scale from 1-5. This produces scores of Positive Affect and Negative Affect; higher scores reflect higher positive or negative mood, respectively.

Assessed using scores from the Positive and Negative Affect Scale. This questionnaire has 20 items that describe some feelings and emotions. The participant needs to mark how much they are experiencing these feelings on a scale from 1-5. This produces scores of Positive Affect and Negative Affect; higher scores reflect higher positive or negative mood, respectively.

Assessed using scores from the Positive and Negative Affect Scale. This questionnaire has 20 items that describe some feelings and emotions. The participant needs to mark how much they are experiencing these feelings on a scale from 1-5. This produces scores of Positive Affect and Negative Affect; higher scores reflect higher positive or negative mood, respectively.

Using the EPDS-P. This is a 10-item measure adapted from the EPDS. The EPDS-P is a revision of the EPDS to provide a proxy of the partners symptoms of depression, in this study, the mothers will complete the EPDS-P to provide information about paternal depressive symptoms. The scale and scoring of the EPDS-P is the same as the EPDS, though there is no cut-off in the EPDS-P to indicate likelihood for depressive disorder.

Using the EPDS-P. This is a 10-item measure adapted from the EPDS. The EPDS-P is a revision of the EPDS to provide a proxy of the partners symptoms of depression, in this study, the mothers will complete the EPDS-P to provide information about paternal depressive symptoms. The scale and scoring of the EPDS-P is the same as the EPDS, though there is no cut-off in the EPDS-P to indicate likelihood for depressive disorder.

Using the EPDS-P. This is a 10-item measure adapted from the EPDS. The EPDS-P is a revision of the EPDS to provide a proxy of the partners symptoms of depression, in this study, the mothers will complete the EPDS-P to provide information about paternal depressive symptoms. The scale and scoring of the EPDS-P is the same as the EPDS, though there is no cut-off in the EPDS-P to indicate likelihood for depressive disorder.

Using the EPDS-P. This is a 10-item measure adapted from the EPDS. The EPDS-P is a revision of the EPDS to provide a proxy of the partners symptoms of depression, in this study, the mothers will complete the EPDS-P to provide information about paternal depressive symptoms. The scale and scoring of the EPDS-P is the same as the EPDS, though there is no cut-off in the EPDS-P to indicate likelihood for depressive disorder.

Prospective and retrospective memory questionnaire. The PRMQ is a 16-item rating scale, designed to assess the frequency of different types of memory failures whereby higher scores indicate greater frequency of memory failures. Participants are asked to score questions of a 5-point scale 1 (never), 2 (rarely), 3 (sometimes), 4 (quite often), 5 (very often). Results can be derived for prospective or retrospective, short-term or long-term, self-cued or environmentally cued.

Prospective and retrospective memory questionnaire. The PRMQ is a 16-item rating scale, designed to assess the frequency of different types of memory failures whereby higher scores indicate greater frequency of memory failures. Participants are asked to score questions of a 5-point scale 1 (never), 2 (rarely), 3 (sometimes), 4 (quite often), 5 (very often). Results can be derived for prospective or retrospective, short-term or long-term, self-cued or environmentally cued.

Prospective and retrospective memory questionnaire. The PRMQ is a 16-item rating scale, designed to assess the frequency of different types of memory failures whereby higher scores indicate greater frequency of memory failures. Participants are asked to score questions of a 5-point scale 1 (never), 2 (rarely), 3 (sometimes), 4 (quite often), 5 (very often). Results can be derived for prospective or retrospective, short-term or long-term, self-cued or environmentally cued.

Prospective and retrospective memory questionnaire. The PRMQ is a 16-item rating scale, designed to assess the frequency of different types of memory failures whereby higher scores indicate greater frequency of memory failures. Participants are asked to score questions of a 5-point scale 1 (never), 2 (rarely), 3 (sometimes), 4 (quite often), 5 (very often). Results can be derived for prospective or retrospective, short-term or long-term, self-cued or environmentally cued.

Immediate mood scale-This questionnaire contains 22 items developed to assess dynamic components of mood. Participants are asked to rate their current mood state on a continuum using 7-point Likert scales (e.g., happy-sad, distracted-focused, sleepy-alert). For each item, an integer score between 1 and 7 is derived. The total score for this scale is the sum of the scores on all 22 items.

Using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The PSQI is a validated measure of sleep assessing qualities and patterns within the last month of sleep habits in adults. Seven components of sleep (quality, latency, duration, efficiency, disturbance, use of sleep medication, daytime dysfunction) will be summed to achieve a global PSQI score ranging from 0 to 21 points, where scores above 5 indicates sleep problems.

Using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The PSQI is a validated measure of sleep assessing qualities and patterns within the last month of sleep habits in adults. Seven components of sleep (quality, latency, duration, efficiency, disturbance, use of sleep medication, daytime dysfunction) will be summed to achieve a global PSQI score ranging from 0 to 21 points, where scores above 5 indicates sleep problems.

Using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The PSQI is a validated measure of sleep assessing qualities and patterns within the last month of sleep habits in adults. Seven components of sleep (quality, latency, duration, efficiency, disturbance, use of sleep medication, daytime dysfunction) will be summed to achieve a global PSQI score ranging from 0 to 21 points, where scores above 5 indicates sleep problems.

Using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The PSQI is a validated measure of sleep assessing qualities and patterns within the last month of sleep habits in adults. Seven components of sleep (quality, latency, duration, efficiency, disturbance, use of sleep medication, daytime dysfunction) will be summed to achieve a global PSQI score ranging from 0 to 21 points, where scores above 5 indicates sleep problems.

Resting systolic and diastolic blood pressure will be taken with an ambulatory blood pressure monitor. Measurements will be taken on participants left arm and the mean of three consecutive measurements will be calculated.

Resting systolic and diastolic blood pressure will be taken with an ambulatory blood pressure monitor. Measurements will be taken on participants left arm and the mean of three consecutive measurements will be calculated.

Resting systolic and diastolic blood pressure will be taken with an ambulatory blood pressure monitor. Measurements will be taken on participants left arm and the mean of three consecutive measurements will be calculated.

Resting systolic and diastolic blood pressure will be taken with an ambulatory blood pressure monitor. Measurements will be taken on participants left arm and the mean of three consecutive measurements will be calculated.

Assessed using the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test.

Assessed using the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test.

Assessed using the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test.

Assessed using the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test.

Assessed with the Modified Attention Network Task with accuracy and reaction time as outcome measures.

Assessed with the Modified Attention Network Task with accuracy and reaction time as outcome measures.

Assessed with the Modified Attention Network Task with accuracy and reaction time as outcome measures.

Assessed with the Modified Attention Network Task with accuracy and reaction time as outcome measures.

Measured using the Visuospatial n-back with accuracy and reaction time as outcome measures.

Measured using the Visuospatial n-back with accuracy and reaction time as outcome measures.

Measured using the Visuospatial n-back with accuracy and reaction time as outcome measures.

Measured using the Visuospatial n-back with accuracy and reaction time as outcome measures.

Participants will complete a food frequency questionnaire at baseline using the EPIC Food Frequency Questionnaire. This measures contains a list of foods/drinks and the participant needs to state how often they consume each food/drink to assess participants' general diet.

Measured using Intake24. This tool will contact participants asking to provide details of all the foods consumed in the previous 24-hours.The participants can do this from their phone via weblink whereby participants self-report the food they consumed, time eaten, food portion sizes and preparation in addition to any dietary supplements. This timeframe will include three measures of 24hr recall (2 weekday and 1 weekend recording).

Measured using Intake24. This tool will contact participants asking to provide details of all the foods consumed in the previous 24-hours.The participants can do this from their phone via weblink whereby participants self-report the food they consumed, time eaten, food portion sizes and preparation in addition to any dietary supplements. This timeframe will include three measures of 24hr recall (2 weekday and 1 weekend recording).

Measured using Intake24. This tool will contact participants asking to provide details of all the foods consumed in the previous 24-hours.The participants can do this from their phone via weblink whereby participants self-report the food they consumed, time eaten, food portion sizes and preparation in addition to any dietary supplements. This timeframe will include three measures of 24hr recall (2 weekday and 1 weekend recording).