Effects of Dexmedetomidine/Lidocaine/Intrathecal Morphine on Cancer Metastasis Biomarker After Colorectal Surgery

Perioperative period is critical in determining the risk of postoperative metastatic disease. Surgical damage and related stress response could suppress cell-mediated immunity and facilitate malignant cell survival, motility, invasion and proliferation. Increasing evidence supported that the continuous infusion of lidocaine or dexmedetomidine, or intrathecal morphine were associated with the reduction of postoperative pain and opioid consumption and improved the quality of recovery.

Also, they were reported to decrease perioperative inflammatory responses and preserve immune response which is known to be critical in anti-metastatic process during perioperative period. However, no comparison was conducted among these anesthetic adjuvants. Thus, Investigators try to evaluate the effect on the biomarkers and clinical outcomes in the three methods.

Inclusion criteria

• Patients who were scheduled for elective colorectal cancer surgery American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status of I-III

Exclusion criteria

• Atrioventricular conduction disorder
• Having Bradycardia (<50 bpm)
• Severe pulmonary dysfunction in pulmonary function test
• High risk for cardiovascular complications(expected postoperative event >5%)
• Allergy or hypersensitivity reaction to each adjuvant.
• History or risk factors for Malignant hyperthermia
• Body mass index >40 kg/m2