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NCT Number: NCT06875570

Effects of Combined Training Protocol in Volleyball Players

The 12-week training will take place during the preparation period. At the beginning and end of the 12-week period, vertical jump test, 60 seconds countermovement jump (CMJ) test, change of direction (T-Agility) test, sprint test, YO-YO (level-1) test will be applied in terms of performance test. In terms of skill testing, service test and spiking test protocols will be applied. Players will perform plyometric (PL) or jump rope (JR) training with the same amount of total training time in each training session. Rating of perceived exertion (RPE) will be obtained using (CR6-20). All players will also complete the short form of the physical activity enjoyment scale (PACES).

Active, Not Recruiting

This study is active but is not currently recruiting participants.

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Key information

Conditions

Volleyball Performance Technical Skills Training

Age range

18 year–25 year

Sex eligibility

Male

Study type

Interventional

Phase

Not applicable

Primary location

Karabuk University

Karabük, Turkey, 78200, Turkey (Türkiye)

About this study

There will be 12 weeks of training during the preparation period. Each daily training will start with a 10-minute standard warm-up consisting of running, dynamic stretching and sprinting with volleyball-specific technical movements integrated. After warm-up and Small Sided Games (2v2, 3v3, 4v4, 5v5), players will perform plyometric (PL) or jump rope (JR) training with the same amount of total training time in each training session. At the start of the 12-week period, the vertical jump and 60 second countermovement jump (CMJ) using a portable force plate (Smart Jump; Fusion Sport, Queensland, Australia), T-Agility change of direction and Sprint tests with timing gates (Smart Speed; Fusion Equipment, Brisbane, Australia) and Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 1 will be used for VO2max levels. Serve and Spiking Technical Skill Tests will be applied together with these. To minimise the negative effects of fatigue on psychological, physiological and performance responses, each training intervention will be performed at least 2 days apart. Rating of perceived exertion (RPE) will be obtained using the category ratio scale (CR6-20) to calculate the internal training load (ITL) immediately after the completion of each session. The scale will be introduced at baseline to familiarise players. All players will also complete the short form of the physical activity enjoyment scale (PACES). The scale consists of 8 items scored on a 1-7 Likert scale and has been validated as an indicator of Turkish youth's level of enjoyment of activity.

Who can participate

Healthy volunteers accepted: Yes

Only the study team can determine whether someone qualifies for participation.

Inclusion criteria

  • Being healthy
  • Male volleyball athletes
  • Willing to maintain the intervention for all sessions

Exclusion criteria

  • Being under 18 years old
  • Having a chronic disease
  • Contraindications for exercise

Treatment and study plan

Pliometric Training

Other

The full intervention program will cover 12 weeks in the season. Prior to training, players will be instructed to warm-up for ten minutes with general running exercises and dynamic stretching. The plyometric training intervention will consist of 5 exercises performed in the following order: Leap forward and backward on the line, leap sideways on the line, double leg knee to chest, split squat jump, and squat jump (Bavli, 2012). A volleyball coach will monitor the whole training.

Jump Rope Training

Other

The entire intervention program will last for 12 weeks during the season. Before training, players will be instructed to warm up with general running exercises and dynamic stretching for ten minutes. The jump rope intervention will consist of 5 exercises performed in the following order: basic jump step, double leg double jump, double leg jump left and right, double leg jump forward and backward, and scissor steps (Trecroci et al., 2015). Each exercise will be performed by all participants using a jump rope with the same characteristics in terms of weight (e.g. 230g), length (e.g. shoulder size) and material (e.g. PVC, Polyvinyl Chloride). A metronome speed of 120 beats per minute will be used to ensure equal exercise intensity in both exercise programs Furthermore, a volleyball coach will monitor the entire workout.

Small Sided Games

Other

More complex, skill-based conditioning exercises for volleyball are small-sided games (2v2, 3v3) and competition drills (6v6). Although the duration of each rally in these drills is not controlled by the coach, the total duration of the drill will be recorded to aid in-session and inter-session planning. Total repetitions will be easily measured by adding up the total points played in the rally and then multiplying by the number of rallies per point. The coach will create an emotionally intense environment by applying a scoring system (e.g. team winning 2 out of 3 rallies gets 1 big point, 5 seconds rest) and encouraging the players (Trajkovic et al., 2012).

Primary outcomes

  1. Vertical Jump

    Time frame: From baseline assessment to 12 week follow-up assessment]

    Change in vertical jump (cm) is expected from baseline assessment to 12-week follow-up assessment

  2. 60s Countermovement Jump

    Time frame: From baseline assessment to 12 week follow-up assessment

    Change in countermovement jump (watts/kg) is expected from the baseline assessment to the 12-week follow-up assessment..

  3. Change of Direction

    Time frame: From baseline assessment to 12 week follow-up assessment]

    Changes in change of direction times (sec) are expected from the baseline assessment to the 12-week follow-up assessment.

  4. Sprint

    Time frame: From baseline assessment to 12 week follow-up assessment

    Change in Sprint (km/h) is expected from the baseline assessment to the 12-week follow-up assessment.

  5. Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 1

    Time frame: From baseline assessment to 12 week follow-up assessment

    A change in VO2max values from the baseline assessment to the 12-week follow-up assessment is expected.

  6. Service

    Time frame: From baseline assessment to 12 week follow-up assessment

    A change in service test values from the baseline assessment to the 12-week follow-up assessment is expected.

  7. Spiking

    Time frame: From baseline assessment to 12 week follow-up assessment

    A change in spiking test values is expected from the baseline assessment to the 12-week follow-up assessment.

  8. Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE)

    Time frame: From baseline assessment to 12 week follow-up assessment

    Changes in Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) are expected from the baseline assessment to the 12-week follow-up assessment. The scale has a range of 6-20 (CR20). Athletes will indicate whether they do not find exercise difficult (6) or find it difficult (20).

  9. PAGES

    Time frame: From baseline assessment to 12 week follow-up assessment

    Changes are expected in the Enjoyment of physical activity scale (PACES) from the baseline assessment to the 12-week follow-up assessment. The scale consists of 8 questions with a score range of 1-7. Athletes will indicate whether they do not enjoy exercise (1) or enjoy it (7).

Other outcomes

  1. Anthropometric Measurements 1

    Time frame: Baseline

    Participants' height (cm) will assess by using a stadiometer (Holtain Stadiometer, England).

  2. Anthropometric Measurements 2

    Time frame: Baseline

    Body weight (kg) will asses by Inbody 270 (Biospace, California, USA)

  3. Anthropometric Measurements 3

    Time frame: Baseline

    Body mass index (BMI) (kg/m2) will asses by Inbody 270 (Biospace, California, USA).

  4. Anthropometric Measurements 4

    Time frame: Baseline

    Body fat percentage (%) will asses by Inbody 270 (Biospace, California, USA).

Sponsors and collaborators

Lead sponsor

Karabuk University

Other

Registry information

Official study title

Effects of a 12-Week Combined Training Protocols on Aerobic Fitness, Technical Skills, and Psychophysiological Responses in Young Recreational Volleyball Players

Acronym: SSGs+PL+JR

Important dates

Study start
2025
Primary completion
2025
Study completion
2025
First posted
Mar 13, 2025
Registry last updated
Mar 19, 2025

OpenTrials presents study information sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. The official registry record should be consulted for the latest information.

View the official ClinicalTrials.gov record (opens in a new tab)

This listing is for discovery and informational purposes only. It is not medical advice, does not guarantee that a study is recruiting, and does not determine eligibility. Contact the study team and a qualified healthcare professional when considering participation.

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