Effects of Circuit Training on Cardiopulmonary Fitness in Multi Drug Abusers

Drug addiction is a chronic, frequent brain disorder caused by continuous abuse or use of addictive drugs such as cocaine, heroin, cannabis, methadone and methamphetamine etc. Long-term drug misuse affects a person's physical and mental health, changes the structure of the brain, and endangers public safety as well. In 2021, there were over 275 million drug users worldwide, according to the United Nations Office report on Drugs and Crime's (UNODC), World Drug Report 2021. This is a 22% increase from 2010 and estimated an 11% increase by 2030. There were about 500,000 drug-related deaths in 2019 recorded, 36 million drug-related mental health problems, and 18 million healthy lives lost as a result of serious drug use problems, according to the report. In order to improve cardiovascular fitness, body composition, and overall health in both young and old people, as well as the quality of life for patients suffering from diseases like diabetes, kidney disease, or cancer, several international associations have released guidelines for physical activity and exercise that suggest increasing maximal strength in addition to these other improvements. Resistance and endurance training are commonly performed simultaneously (i.e., concurrent training) as part of periodic training sessions in a variety of diseases and sports disciplines.

Resistance circuit-based training (CT), which encourages aerobic conditioning, muscular endurance and neuromuscular and strength adaptations in a single session, is now one of the most popular concurrent training techniques. Previously, CT has been suggested as an optional kind of training for individuals who are not trained nor have a lower baseline level of fitness because it can increase VO2max and upper body maximal strength. Public health initiatives aiming at preventing heart disease have gained medical attention as the worldwide burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) continues to rise. Exercise is an independent and protective risk factor linked to blood pressure (BP), blood vessel function, and cardiovascular disease (CVD), according to clinical research conducted over the years(3). Athletes who participate in CT training report higher heart rates but similar strength requirements to those reported during a traditional strength-training session. Additionally, they report higher lactate concentrations and ratings of perceived exertion during CT, which are higher than during traditional strength-training. Furthermore, they report higher oxygen consumption during the session compared to both traditional strength-training and aerobic treadmill exercise.

Furthermore, compared to a conventional resistance training session or a treadmill exercise, higher excess post-exercise oxygen demand during the recovery has been found following CT. These CT traits are generally associated with the particular strength and aerobic adaptations as well as changes in body composition associated with this kind of training. Previous studies on cardiorespiratory fitness have shown improvements in VO2max and endurance performance.

Inclusion criteria

Participants meeting the below criteria, shall be recruited in the study:

• Those patients will be included who have completed acute detoxification period (15 days of Date of Admission) also the patients who were relapsed after 3 months of treatment and re-admitted.
• Only male participants will be included.
• Age of the participants will be 18 to 60 years old.
• Informed Consent will be taken from subjects or their legal guardians.
• Those participants will be included in the study that has complete relevant medical record (Multi Drug kit Report).
• Elderly drug abusers (Can perform 6 Minute Walk Test without complication)

Exclusion criteria

Following participants will be excluded from the study:

• Glaucoma disease or severe mental illness, or a history of epilepsy/seizures.
• Serious systemic disease in the past three months, such as gastrointestinal bleeding, diabetes and hypertension.
• Diagnosed cardiopulmonary disease
• Any neurological complication
• Those patients who having Hepatitis C Virus, HIV & Hepatitis B Virus will be excluded.