Effects of an Aerobic Exercise Intervention on Core Symptoms, Executive Functioning, and Quality of Life in Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

The Conners Parental Symptom Questionnaire for core symptoms. There are a total of 48 items, including six factors. They are scored on a scale of 0-3, with 0 indicating no problem; 1, occasionally or slightly; 2, frequent or severe; 3, always or very serious. The factor score is the average score of the items within the factor, and the higher the score, the more severe the symptom. The SNAP-IV for ADHD children's inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity. This scale consists of 26 items and consists of three subscales. Each item is rated on a four point scale from 0 to 3: 0, "never or rarely"; 1, "sometimes"; 2, "often"; 3, 'very common'. The average score of each subscale is the ratio of the total score of the obtained items to the number of items included. Scores from 0-1 are considered normal, 1.1-1.5 are critical, 1.6-2 are moderate, and>2 are severe. The higher the total score and subscale score, the more severe the damage to the core symptoms of ADHD.

Stroop color-word test for Inhibitory control, Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure for working memory, Trail Making Test for cognitive flexibility and Questionnaire of Executive Functioning Scale for total executive function. The Questionnaire of Executive Functioning Scale consists of 36 items and 8 factors including attention concentration, working memory, self-regulation, theory of mind, flexible switching, impulse suppression, plan initiation, and emotion regulation. All items are rated on a 4-point scale from 1 (never) to 4 (always). The higher the score, the worse the performance of the execution function.

The Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory Version 4.0 Generic CoreScales to measure ADHD children's quality of life. The scale has 23 items, including four dimensions: physiological function, emotional function, social function, and role function. Each item is scored on a Likert 5-point scale, and the total score of the scale is equal to the sum of the scores of each item. The higher the score, the better the quality of life.

Depression Self-Rating Scale for Children to measure depression. There are a total of 18 items, rated on a 0-2 scale, with 0 indicating no symptoms, 1 indicating occasional symptoms, and 2 indicating frequent symptoms. The sum of each item is the total score, with higher scores indicating more severe depression, and a total score greater than 14 indicating possible depression. Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders to measure anxiety. There are a total of 41 items consisting of 5 factors, namely somatic symptoms/panic, generalized anxiety, dissociative anxiety, social phobia, and school phobia. Each item is rated on a scale of 0-2, where 0 indicates no such symptoms, 1 indicates partial presence, and 2 indicates frequent presence. The higher the score, the more severe the anxiety level. A total score of more than 23 on the scale may indicate a significant state of anxiety