Effects of AMPS on Cardiovascular and Functional Variables in Patients With Parkinson's Disease

This standardized test evaluates the physical function of the lower extremities in older adults. It includes three parts: a standing balance test, a 4-meter gait speed assessment, and a chair stand test involving five consecutive sit-to-stand actions. Each part is rated on a scale from 0 (unable to perform) to 4 (optimal performance), resulting in a total score between 0 and 12 points. Higher scores indicate better physical performance, whereas lower scores indicate functional limitations.

An incremental ramp-type protocol exercise will be used to determine the participant's aerobic capacity. Oxygen uptake will be obtained on a breath-to-breath basis during the entire exercise using an expired gas measurement system.

This questionnaire is a disease-specific tool crafted to evaluate the health-related quality of life in individuals with PD. It comprises 39 items divided into eight dimensions: mobility, activities of daily living, emotional well-being, stigma, social support, cognition, communication, and bodily discomfort. Each item is rated on a five-point scale ranging from 0 (never) to 4 (always). Domain scores are then converted to a scale from 0 to 100, where higher scores signify a greater impact of the disease and, consequently, a poorer quality of life.

It is the most widely applied rating instrument for measured motor symptoms in PD. Motor examination, including 18 items Some of them are for each of the upper and lower extremities, neck or jaw, and are scored according to severity from 0 (normal) to 4 (severe), which gives a final score that can vary between 0 to 132 points.

Quantification of heart rate oscillation to assess the cardiac autonomic control. This is quantified by time-domain, spectral and non-linear analysis.

It is the only validated tool for the assessment of FOG severity in people with PD. FOG-Q total score ranges from 0 to 24 points and higher scores correspond to more severe FOG.

Time spent for the participant to rise from a standard chair without armrests, walk 3 meters straight at their preferred speed, turn, walk back to the chair and sit down again. Participants will perform the test twice and the lowest total duration will be considered as the outcome

It is being used increasingly as both a stand-alone measure and as a component of the SPPB, and it is a reliable option to measure gait speed for older adults. The test was conducted in an unobstructed corridor measuring 8 meters in length. Two markers were positioned on the floor at the 2-meter and 6-meter points, thereby establishing a central walking distance of 4 meters. Participants were instructed to begin by standing with both feet behind the starting line and, upon the command "Go," to proceed at their usual, comfortable pace until they crossed the finish line. The time required to traverse the central 4 meters was recorded using a stopwatch. Gait speed was measured in seconds (s).

Repeated performance of sit-to-stand has often been used as a measure of lower extremity strength in older people. It is also validated for people with PD with a sensitivity of 75%, and a specificity of 68%. The participants completed five repetitions of sit-to-stand from a standard chair (height: 0.49m) as quickly as possible upon hearing the cue "Ready, set, go!", measured in seconds.