Effects of a Progressive Adapted Physical Education Program on Muscular Strength and Endurance in Adolescents With Mild Intellectual Disability

Adolescents with intellectual disability often demonstrate lower levels of physical fitness, muscular strength, and muscular endurance compared with their typically developing peers. These limitations may reduce participation in daily activities and negatively influence long-term health outcomes. Adapted physical education programs are considered important interventions for improving physical fitness and functional capacity in individuals with intellectual disabilities.

The purpose of this randomized controlled trial was to examine the effects of a progressive adapted physical education program on muscular strength and muscular endurance in adolescents with mild intellectual disability. Participants were randomly assigned to either an intervention group or a control group. The intervention group participated in a structured 10-week adapted physical education program in addition to regular school activities, whereas the control group continued their usual educational curriculum without additional exercise intervention.

The exercise program was progressively organized and included activities targeting upper-body strength, lower-body strength, trunk endurance, and general muscular fitness. Physical fitness assessments were conducted before and after the intervention period to evaluate changes in muscular strength and endurance parameters.

The findings of this study are expected to contribute to evidence-based adapted physical education practices for adolescents with intellectual disability and to support the development of effective school-based exercise interventions.

Inclusion criteria

• Adolescents diagnosed with mild intellectual disability
• Participants enrolled in special education programs
• Ability to participate in physical activity assessments and exercise sessions
• Written informed consent obtained from parents or legal guardians

Exclusion criteria

• Presence of orthopedic, neurological, or cardiovascular conditions preventing participation in exercise
• Severe behavioral problems limiting participation in assessments or training sessions
• Participation in another structured exercise program during the study period
• Failure to complete baseline or post-intervention assessments