Effects of 8 Weeks of Turmeric Ingestion on Physiology and Wellbeing in Healthy Older Adults

Measured using ELISA. We will analyse raw and percentage change values.

Measured using pentra C400 clinical chemistry analyser, We will analyse raw and percentage change values.

This questionnaire measures participants' severity of physical and mental fatigue. This will be scored "Likert style" from 0-33. Higher scores indicate greater levels of fatigue.

Measured using pentra C400 clinical chemistry analyser, We will analyse raw and percentage change values.

Participants choose from a range of questions designed to measure the severity of a range of symptoms common to both depression and anxiety. Scoring is based on a likert scale where higher scores relate to increased severity of depression, anxiety and stress.

This questionnaire is used to evaluate a person experiencing significant pain. It can be used to monitor pain over time. Someone experiencing no pain would score 0 while the maximum score for pain would be 78.

This survey consists of generic questions covering eight health domains: physical functioning, bodily pain, role limitations due to physical health problems, role limitations due to personal or emotional problems, emotional well-being, social functioning, energy/fatigue, and general health perceptions. To score the survey, firstly, responses to items relate to scores between 0-100. Secondly, using a table, items in the same scale are averaged together to create the eight domains.

Measured using pentra C400 clinical chemistry analyser, We will analyse raw and percentage change values.

Measured using pentra C400 clinical chemistry analyser, We will analyse raw and percentage change values.

Measured using pentra C400 clinical chemistry analyser, We will analyse raw and percentage change values.

Measured using pentra C400 clinical chemistry analyser, We will analyse raw and percentage change values.

Measured using pentra C400 clinical chemistry analyser, We will analyse raw and percentage change values.

Measured using pentra C400 clinical chemistry analyser, We will analyse raw and percentage change values.

Measured using pentra C400 clinical chemistry analyser, We will analyse raw and percentage change values.

Measured using pentra C400 clinical chemistry analyser, We will analyse raw and percentage change values.

Measured using pentra C400 clinical chemistry analyser, We will analyse raw and percentage change values.

Measured using pentra C400 clinical chemistry analyser, We will analyse raw and percentage change values

Measured using pentra C400 clinical chemistry analyser, We will analyse raw and percentage change values

Systolic and diastolic blood pressure will be determined using an automatic upper arm blood pressure monitor. We will analyse raw and percentage change values.

Determined by weighing participants.

The PSQI is a tool used for assessing quality and disturbances over a one-month period. The sum of scores for the following 7 components, subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep duration, habitual sleep efficiency, sleep disturbances, use of sleeping medication and daytime function, are used to calculate a global PSQI score with scores greater than 5 indicating poor sleep quality.

This particular N-back tast comprises of only the 2-Back memory load. The total stimulus set is 15. Participants respond using the space bar when they see a stimulus that is presented two steps previously. There are three blocks consisting of 25 trials. Each stimulus will be presented for 500 ms and get 3 seconds to respond unless the participant responds earlier in which case the next trial will begin. Errors, correct responses, misses and reaction time, will be used as indices of performance. Commission errors or 'false alarms' occur when participants respond to non-targets.

Participants are shown squares/blocks that light up one-by-one in a random order starting in a sequence length of two blocks. Participants then click with the mouse the blocks in exactly the same order as shown before. One extra square is added to each successfully completed sequence. If the participant fails to click the correct sequence they get one more chance with a different pattern and same sequence length. If they get it wrong again, the test ends and their score is shown (the corsi block span).

This test is the reverse of the forward version. Participants are shown squares/blocks that light up one-by-one in a random order starting in a sequence length of two blocks. Participants then click with the mouse the blocks in the reverse order as shown before. One extra square is added to each successfully completed sequence. If the participant fails to click the correct sequence, they get one more chance with a different pattern and same sequence length. If they get it wrong again, the test ends and their score in shown (the corsi block span).

The objective of this test is to complete as many sit-to-stand repetitions as possible in 30 seconds. Participants will be instructed to sit in the middle of a chair placed against the wall with a seat height of 43 cm. Participants start with their feet flat on the floor, arms crossed at the wrists and held against the chest. On the signal, participants will rise to a full stand and return back to a fully seated position (counting as one full repetition). Before the test, participants will be allowed to practice 1-2 times to familiarise themselves with the movement

Participants will start by holding a hand grip dynamometer with their arm at a right angle and the elbow should be by the side of the body. The grip length will be noted and kept the same post intervention laboratory visit. Once the participant has a comfortable grip on the dynamometer they will squeeze the dynamometer with maximum isometric effort and maintain it for at least 5 seconds. No other body movement is allowed. The value shown on the dynamometer in kilograms will be recorded. Participants will alternate hands attempting the test three times with each hand.

The objective of this test is to complete as many steps (with the knee reaching the marking) in 2-minutes as possible. To mark the line for the knee to cross, the distance between participant's anterior iliac crest and their patella will be measured and the midpoint will be found. A piece of tape will be placed on the stadiometer corresponding height of the midpoint between the patella and the iliac crest. The final score will be the number of times the right knee reached the tape height.

A wrist monitor will allow for classifications of physical activity intensities (sedentary behaviour, light intensity physical activity, moderate intensity physical activity, moderate-vigorous intensity physical activity and vigorous intensity physical activity) and durations of time spent in these classifications.

Participants that have osteoarthritis will complete this questionnaire. The highest possible score is 96, which indicates the maximum pain, stiffness and difficulty with physical function.

Pain medication usage over the prior 8 weeks will be assessed using a modified version of the Quantitative Analgesic Questionnaire.