Effectiveness of Ultrasound-Guided Nerve Stimulation for Patients With Post-surgical Shoulder Pain

The Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) is a unidimensional, outcome measure of pain intensity in adults, including those with chronic pain due to rheumatic diseases.

The NPRS is a segmented numerical version of the visual analog scale (VAS) in which a respondent selects a whole number between zero and ten that best reflects the intensity of their pain.

The common format is a horizontal bar or line, and like the VAS, the NPRS is based on terms that describe the extremes of pain severity.

Therefore, the numerical rating scale consists of 11 points (NPRS), where values close to 0 reflect less pain and values close to 10 reflect greater pain.

This is a questionnaire that determines the degree of disability in the arm, shoulder and hand, providing the evaluator with a specific outcome measure of the upper extremity.

The questionnaire consists of 30 questions that are divided into several items: 21 of them evaluate a module on physical status, 6 on painful symptoms, and 3 final questions explore the patient's social environment. The sum of the scores for each of the items is used to calculate a final value that ranges from 0 (no disability) to 100 (most severe disability).

The Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) was developed to measure shoulder pain and disability in both primary care with mixed diagnosis and surgical patient populations, including rotator cuff injuries, adhesive capsulitis, replacement surgery or shoulder prosthesis and in a large population study of painful shoulder symptoms.

SPADI is a self-completed questionnaire with 13 items that evaluate the level of pain and the degree of difficulty with activities of daily living in the use of the upper extremities. The pain subscale is made up of 5 items and the disability subscale is made up of 8.

The reliability of SPADI provides an average intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.89 (ICC 0.66-0.95) and a 95% CI. A Spanish version is available that demonstrated satisfactory psychometrics in populations with different shoulder disorders.

Measuring the joint ranges in each plane of the joint.

assessment of muscle strength has been and is a necessity in the physiotherapy diagnosis process. Knowing this physical capacity allows us to evaluate the functional state of a muscle and, in turn, locate dysfunctions and quantify the improvement in recovery processes.

The pressure pain threshold is defined as the amount of pressure applied to a point on a subject who is first experiencing a change from the sensation of pressure to the sensation of pain.