Effectiveness of the Multicomponent Therapy in Chronic Pain Through The Use of Smartphones

it was used to measure the main outcome variable of the study: catastrophization in pain, which is considered an important prognostic factor in chronic pain in general. The PCS is a 13-item self-administered scale on a 5-point Likert-type scale ranging from 0 (never) to 4 (always). It comprises 3 dimensions: a) rumination; b) magnification, and c) hopelessness. Higher scores indicate higher levels of catastrophism. The Spanish version of the PCS has been shown to have adequate internal consistency, convergent validity, and classificatory value (Cronbach's α = 0.79), test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.84), and sensitivity to size change (effect size). > 2), which makes it a good measure, similar to the original scale, so its use is aimed at clinical practice and clinical research (García-Campayo et al., 2008).

It was used to measure participation in activities of daily living despite pain and the willingness to experience pain without trying to control, alter or avoid it. It is a 20-item questionnaire that evaluates the acceptance of pain in a 6-point Likert-type format that goes from or (never true) to 6 (always true). The total CPAQ score is the sum of the two subscales. According to (GEISER, 1992), the initial studies carried out in relation to acceptance and adaptation to the CPAQ questionnaire, show adequate internal consistency and expected correlations with measures of physical functioning and psychological distress. After subsequent studies in which its content and dimensionality were evaluated (McCracken et al., 2004), two factors were established, the involvement in activities (Cronbach's α of 0.82) and the openness to pain (Cronbach's α of 0.78). .

it was used to measure health-related quality of life (HRQL) that can be used both in relatively healthy individuals (general population) and in groups of patients with different pathologies. The individual himself evaluates his state of health, first in severity levels by dimensions (descriptive system) and then on a more general visual analogue scale (VAS) of evaluation. A third element of the EQ-5D is the index of social values obtained for each state of health generated by the instrument. For each dimension of the EQ-5D, severity levels are coded 1 if the answer choice is "no (I have) problems"; with a 2 if the answer option is "some or moderate problems"; and with a 3 if the answer option is "many problems". "The EQ-5D is a simple, valid, and practical measure for use as an outcome variable in both clinical research and health care resource allocation."