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Mean value of Glycated Hemoglobin level (HbA1c in %)
Time frame: 6, 12, 24 and 36 months
to compare mean HbA1c(%) obtained through laboratory exams/tests between groups
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Mean value of Fasting Blood Glucose (mg/dL)
Time frame: 6, 12, 24 and 36 months
to compare mean fasting blood glucose (mg/dL) obtained through laboratory exams/tests between groups
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Number of Participants with controlled Fasting blood glucose (<126mg/dL)
Time frame: 6, 12, 24 and 36 months
to compare the proportion of individuals with controlled blood glucose (<126mg/dl) obtained through laboratory exams/tests without the use of hypoglycemic medication
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Number of Participants with controlled Glycated Hemoglobin level (<6.4%)
Time frame: 6, 12, 24 and 36 months
to compare the proportion of individuals with HbA1c (<6.4%) obtained through laboratory exams/tests without the use of hypoglycemic medication
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body weight
Time frame: 6, 12, 24 and 36 months
to compare mean weight (kg) between groups
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Number of Participants who performed, at least, 150 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity obtained by International Physical Activity Questionnaire
Time frame: 6, 12, 24 and 36 months
to compare the proportion of individuals who are physically active (>150 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity) and inactive (<150 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity) between groups
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Minutes spent on moderate-to-vigorous physical activity
Time frame: 6, 12, 24 and 36 months
to compare mean time in minutes of practice of moderate/vigorous physical activity over a week between groups
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Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and sedentary behavior
Time frame: 6, 12, 24 and 36 months
to compare the proportion of individuals engaging in moderate or vigorous physical activity and sedentary behavior
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Physical activity
Time frame: 6, 12, 24 and 36 months
to compare the proportion of individuals who engage in 150 minutes or more of physical activity per week
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Sedentary behavior
Time frame: 6, 12, 24 and 36 months
to compare the proportion of sedentary individuals
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Quality of diet (Mean score of The Diet Quality Index Revised (DQI-R))
Time frame: 6, 12, 24 and 36 months
to compare mean score of the Diet Quality Index Revised (DQI-R) between groups Minimum: 0 Maximum: 100 When higher the score, better the quality of diet
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Mean of kcal from ultra processed food intake
Time frame: 6, 12, 24 and 36 months
to compare the mean caloric intake (kcal) from ultra-processed foods obtained through two 24-hour Dietary Recall applied within a period of fifteen days
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Delta value (Change score from baseline to 6, 12, 24 and 36 months) for each domain of Quality of life obtained through Short Form Health Survey (SF-36)
Time frame: 6, 12, 24 and 36 months
to analyze the quality of life based on delta value of the eight domains (Functional capacity, Physical aspects, Pain, General health status, Vitality, Social aspects, Emotional aspects and Mental health) When higher the score, better the quality of life related to the assessed domain
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Cost
Time frame: 36 months
To compare the cost of interventions. To estimate healthcare system costs, we will consider only direct medical costs, which include screening costs, intervention costs, and costs of healthcare service utilization. To estimate social costs, we will consider not only direct medical costs but also non-medical direct costs, such as transportation, food, and accommodation expenses reported by participants when seeking medical assistance, as well as time spent traveling to and participating in group sessions. Additionally, we will include indirect costs, calculated based on the assumption that each necessary hospitalization results in a loss of 9 hours of paid work and each outpatient visit results in a loss of half a day (4.5 hours) of paid work
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Scholarity
Time frame: 36 months
To analyze the correlation between years of study and the incidence of type 2 diabetes
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Geo-Stratified Analysis
Time frame: 36 months
T2DM incidence across Brazillian five geographic regions (North, Northeast, Central-West (Midwest), Southeast, South)
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Household income
Time frame: 36 months
Association between T2DM incidence and individual Low or high income (accessed by ABEP - Critério Brasil 2022 questionnaire. A Brazilian validated questionnaire to evaluate Household income)
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Neighbourhood value
Time frame: 36 months
correlation between neighborhood value (as assessed using the Gini index) and incidence of type 2 diabetes (DM2)
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Mean value of BMI (kg/m2)
Time frame: 6, 12, 24 and 36 months
to compare mean BMI (kg/m2) between groups
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Number of Participants in use of hypoglycemic medication
Time frame: 6, 12, 24 and 36 months
to compare the proportion of individuals in use of hypoglycemic medication
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delta body weight
Time frame: 6, 12, 24 and 36 months
to compare mean delta weight (kg) between groups (delta = final mean weight - baseline mean weight)
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delta glycemia
Time frame: 6, 12, 24 and 36 months
To compare the mean delta glycemia (mg/dL) between groups:
Delta = Mean glycemia at the final measurement - Mean glycemia at baseline
This approach evaluates the difference in blood glucose changes across the groups over the study period, reflecting the intervention's impact on glycemic control.
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delta HbA1c (%)
Time frame: 6, 12, 24 and 36 months
To compare the mean delta HbA1c (%) between groups:
Delta = Mean HbA1c at the final measurement - Mean HbA1c at baseline
This approach evaluates the difference in blood glucose changes across the groups over the study period, reflecting the intervention's impact on glycemic control.
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delta Insulin (μU/mL)
Time frame: 6, 12, 24 and 36 months
To compare the mean delta Insulin (μU/mL) between groups:
Delta = Mean Insulin at the final measurement - Mean Insulin at baseline
This approach evaluates the difference in Insulin changes across the groups over the study period, reflecting the intervention's impact on glycemic control.
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delta HOMA-IR (homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance)
Time frame: 6, 12, 24 and 36 months
To compare the mean delta HOMA-IR between groups:
Delta = Mean HOMA-IR at the final measurement - Mean HOMA-IR at baseline
HOMA-IR (Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance) is calculated using the following formula:
HOMA-IR = [Fasting insulin (μU/mL) × Fasting glucose (mg/dL)] / 405
This approach evaluates the difference in insulin resistance changes across the groups over the study period, reflecting the intervention's impact on metabolic control.
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delta HOMA-Beta *homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function)
Time frame: 6, 12, 24 and 36 months
To compare the mean delta HOMA-Beta between groups:
Delta = Mean HOMA-Beta at the final measurement - Mean HOMA-Beta at baseline
HOMA-Beta (Homeostatic Model Assessment of Beta-Cell Function) is calculated using the following formula:
HOMA-Beta = [360 × Fasting insulin (μU/mL)] / [Fasting glucose (mg/dL) - 63]
This approach evaluates the difference in beta-cell function changes across the groups over the study period, reflecting the intervention's impact on pancreatic function.
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delta PSQI-BR scores (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index - Brazilian version)
Time frame: 6, 12, 24 and 36 months
To compare the mean delta PSQI-BR scores between groups:
Delta = Mean PSQI-BR score at the final measurement - Mean PSQI-BR score at baseline
The PSQI-BR (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index - Brazilian version) is a validated instrument used to assess sleep quality. It generates a total score based on seven components:
Subjective sleep quality Sleep latency Sleep duration Habitual sleep efficiency Sleep disturbances Use of sleeping medications Daytime dysfunction Each component is scored from 0 to 3, and the total PSQI score ranges from 0 to 21, with higher scores indicating worse sleep quality.
This approach evaluates the difference in sleep quality changes across the groups over the study period, reflecting the intervention's impact on sleep outcomes.
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delta PSS-10 (Perceived Stress Scale - 10-item Brazilian version)
Time frame: 6, 12, 24 and 36 months
To compare the mean delta PPS-10 scores between groups:
Delta = Mean PPS-10 score at the final measurement - Mean PPS-10 score at baseline
The PPS-10 (Perceived Stress Scale - 10-item Brazilian version) is a validated instrument used to assess perceived stress over the last month. It consists of 10 questions scored on a 5-point Likert scale (0 = never, 1 = almost never, 2 = sometimes, 3 = fairly often, 4 = very often).
The total score ranges from 0 to 40, with higher scores indicating greater perceived stress.
This approach evaluates the difference in perceived stress levels across the groups over the study period, reflecting the intervention's impact on stress outcomes.
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mean alcohol consumption (g/day)
Time frame: 6, 12, 24 and 36 months
To compare the mean alcohol consumption (g/day) between groups.
Alcohol consumption will be assessed using a specific Alcohol Frequency Questionnaire, which records the type, frequency, and quantity of alcoholic beverages consumed. The total alcohol intake will be calculated in grams per day using the formula:
Grams of alcohol/day = (Volume consumed [mL] × Alcohol content [%] × 0.8) / Days
Where:
Volume consumed is the reported quantity of alcoholic beverage. Alcohol content [%] is the average alcohol percentage for each beverage type. 0.8 is the density of pure ethanol.
This approach evaluates the difference in perceived stress levels across the groups over the study period, reflecting the intervention's impact on stress outcomes.
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proportion of smokers
Time frame: 6, 12, 24 and 36 months
To compare the proportion of smokers between groups at the end of the study:
Smoking status will be assessed by self-report as either:
Current smokers Former smokers Never smoked
The proportion of smokers will be calculated as:
Proportion of smokers (%) = (Number of smokers / Total participants in the group) × 100
The comparison will focus on the proportion of current smokers in each group at the study's conclusion to evaluate the intervention's impact on smoking prevalence.
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mean number of cigarettes smoked per day
Time frame: 6, 12, 24 and 36 months
To compare the mean number of cigarettes smoked per day between groups at the end of the study:
Smoking behavior will be assessed by participants self-report the average number of cigarettes smoked per day.
The mean number of cigarettes smoked per day for each group will be calculated as:
Mean number of cigarettes/day = (Total number of cigarettes smoked by participants in the group) / (Number of participants who are current smokers)
This comparison will evaluate the intervention's impact on the average smoking intensity among individuals who continue to smoke.
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mean scores of the eight SF-36 quality of life domains
Time frame: 6, 12, 24 and 36 months
To compare the mean scores of the eight SF-36 quality of life domains between groups at the end of the study:
Quality of life will be assessed using the SF-36 Health Survey, which evaluates eight domains:
Physical functioning Role limitations due to physical health Role limitations due to emotional problems Energy/fatigue Emotional well-being Social functioning Pain General health
Each domain generates a score ranging from 0 to 100, where higher scores indicate better quality of life.
The mean scores for each domain will be calculated as:
Mean domain score = (Sum of scores for all participants in the group) / (Number of participants in the group)
This comparison will assess differences in quality of life between groups at the study's conclusion, reflecting the intervention's impact across various health dimensions.
