Effectiveness of Intrauterine Growth Hormone Administration as an add-on Therapy to Conventional Hormone Therapy Compared to Placebo in Patients With Thin Endometrium Undergoing Frozen Thawed Embryo Transfer

Infertility impacts approximately 10-15% of couples globally, with over 1 million couples affected in Iran alone, adversely affecting their quality of life. However, Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART), notably In Vitro Fertilization (IVF), has markedly enhanced fertility outcomes for couples facing infertility.

The primary reason for IVF failure is often attributed to difficulties with embryo implantation. A crucial determinant in preparing the uterus for successful implantation is achieving an adequate endometrial thickness. A thin endometrium, typically defined as less than 7 mm in thickness, is associated with a significantly reduced likelihood of successful pregnancy following implantation. As a result, patients with thin endometrium are often deemed unsuitable candidates for implantation.

Despite exploring various pharmacological options, certain patients remain unable to achieve the minimum required endometrial thickness for successful implantation. Prior investigations have examined the impact of subcutaneous growth hormone injections on endometrial thickness in individuals with thin endometrium, yielding mixed results across studies. Direct infusion of drugs into the uterine cavity presents a potential route for localized treatment, thereby minimizing systemic effects under specific circumstances. Thus, different studies explored the possible intra-uterine effect of drugs such as Granulocyte colony stimulating factor (GCSF), and Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). To date, only an animal study and two small studies without control group have investigated the efficacy of direct intrauterine infusion of growth hormone in increasing endometrial thickness among patients with thin endometrium. However, the absence of randomized controlled trials with placebo groups limits our understanding of the effectiveness of intrauterine growth hormone therapy in this patient population. Thus, we aimed to design an exploratory randomized clinical trial with parallel placebo group to evaluate the effectiveness of intrauterine Growth Hormone infusion as an add-on therapy to conventional hormone therapy compared to placebo in patients with thin endometrium undergoing frozen thawed embryo transfer

Inclusion criteria

• At least a history of cycle cancellation due to a thin endometrium less than 7 mm following standard hormonal treatment
• Availability of ≥1 embryo with good quality
• Normal baseline hormones value including: Testosterone, Progesterone, Prolactin, Luteinizing Hormone (LH), Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

Exclusion criteria

• Internal genital anomalies
• Active intrauterine infection Endometrial thickness≥7 on the 10th day of menstrual cycle
• History of Asherman syndrome
• History of cancer
• History of uterine surgery in past 3 months
• Intrauterine polyps visible in Transvaginal Ultrasonography
• Visible intrauterine adhesion
• Pathospermia in partner
• Premature ovarian failure