Effectiveness of Hysteroscopy in the Treatment of Intrauterine Trophoblastic Retentions

Incomplete spontaneous abortion (ISA) is defined by the intrauterine retention of conceptual product after incomplete or partial expulsion of the conceptual product. Treatment such retention may be expectant care, medical treatment or surgery. Currently, curettage is the standard surgical treatment in most centers. However, operative hysteroscopy, in addition to the direct visualization of the retained conceptual product, in contrast to the curettage, would allow elective evacuation of retention while reducing surgical complications. Studies of low effective, retrospective, have found an fertility's increase in patients treated by operative hysteroscopy. These data need to be confirmed by a randomized controlled trial in order to change the standard surgical treatment of this disease if hysteroscopy procedure would found to be superior.

We propose a multicenter - single blind - randomized - therapeutic study. Randomization will concern the surgical procedure in patients treated surgically for intrauterine retention after spontaneous miscarriage. Randomization will be performed at the admission to the patient in the operating room by electronic means using a secure internet platform, single-blind for the patient with unblinding at the end of the trial or in case of complication. The patient will be randomly assigned to one of two treatment arms following:

• Arm A : Operative hysteroscopy
• Arm B : Aspirative curettage The inclusion will be performed at time of diagnosis (incomplete miscarriage) with an ultrasound of intrauterine retention for which surgical treatment has been decided. The initial medical examination (inclusion visit) will include a complete gynecological examination. The diagnosis of incomplete miscarriage will be performed using a transvaginal pelvic ultrasound. Transvaginal ultrasound will be performed according to a technique of standardized pelvic ultrasound ; the retention will be diagnosed in the presence of a heterogeneous image or intrauterine gestational sac more than 15 mm in thickness. On this visit, the patient will complete a questionnaire concerning her medical histories and the aborted pregnancy.

Patients will have a care in accordance with center practices for the hospital stay. Surgical treatment will be performed within the time depending on the availability of the operating room of participating center.

A hospitalization report indicating the participation to the study, but not mentioning the treatment group, will be sent to the attending physician and the patient. An information form with postoperative instructions will be given to patients included in this protocol without mentioning the surgical arm. The operative report will be given to the patient at the end of her participation in the trial.

A total of five visits (including final visit) are scheduled for this trial. The patient will be monitored in the form of telephone conversation or questionnaire sent by email or post. Monitoring will be done by the investigator that enrolled the patient with the help of the URC in charge of the project. In case of complications, failure of the intervention or diagnosis of a uterine cavity pathology, the care will be left to the discretion of the medical center team.

Inclusion criteria

• Major, under 45 years with intrauterine trophoblastic retention after incomplete miscarriage in the first quarter (termination of pregnancy < 14 WA),
• With desire of pregnancy ;
• Intrauterine trophoblastic retention diagnosed by transvaginal pelvic ultrasound finding a intrauterine heterogeneous image or intrauterine gestational sac more than 15 mm in thickness, complicated or not of endometritis ;
• Decision to surgical management of incomplete miscarriage by the health care team ;
• Patient beneficiary or affiliated to a health insurance
• Informed and signed consent

Exclusion criteria

Will not be included in the protocol patients :

• having a uterine malformation known ;
• having received surgical treatment for the current intrauterine retention ;
• with intrauterine retention diagnosed by transvaginal pelvic ultrasound of more than 50 mm in thickness ;
• requiring a haemostatic act in urgency for heavy vaginal bleeding (miscarriage haemorrhage) ;
• bearer of intrauterine device ;
• having an evolutive pregnancy;
• having an ectopic pregnancy;
• having a trophoblastic retention following a voluntary abortion ;
• having a pregnancy achieved by medically assisted procreation