Effectiveness of Enhanced External Counterpulsation for Post-acute Stroke Patients

A 6 point disability scale with possible scores ranging from 0 to 5. A separate category of 6 is usually added for patients who expire. It is used to categorize level of functional independence with reference to pre-stroke activities. Activity limitations are difficulties in performance of activities.It can be documented by the physician/APN/PA, nurse (RN), medical assistant, or any individual trained to perform the mRS.

The Barthel Index-based Supplementary Scales assesses basic activities of daily living using three scales:actual performance, ability, and self-perceived difficulty. The score ranges the three scales (i.e., actual performance, ability, and self-perceived difficulty)is 0-20, 0-18, and 0-20, respectively. A higher score indicates better basic activities of daily living.

It consists of 8 questions including information about telephone use, meal preparation, shopping, doing daily household chores, laundry, getting on transportation, traveling, medication use and management of finances.

The Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS) is a reliable and valid tool for assessing functional oral food and fluid intake in patients with oropharyngeal dysphagia (OD). Fois has seven levels, with higher levels indicating better swallowing function.

questionnaire score (maximum score 30): total score > 23.5 = normal nutritional status; total score < 23.5 = inadequate nutritional status

EuroQol Five Dimension 5-level (validated measure for health-related quality of life). This is a validated measure of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) (see references).

Subjects are asked to rate the level of problems they experience related to 5 domains of HRQoL (mobility, self care, usual activities, pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression). There are 5 values to choose from in each domain (e.g. no problem, slight problem, moderate problem, severe problem, unable to). A higher score indicates a worse quality of life.

EQ-5D scores are converted to overall utilities by averaging domains and weighting by the general public's valuation of the domains. A higher overall utility score for EQ-5D represents better HRQoL.

A testing tool with high validity ( 0.93) and reliability (0.98) was used to measure balance in the elderly. The Berg Balance Scale (BBS) is a valid tool. The total score for the BBS is 56 and a higher score means good balance. It will be measured at baseline, 4th week and 8th week.

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The Mini Mental State Examination general cognitive function. The score ranges is 0 to 30. A higher score indicates better general cognitive function.

Based on psychiatric examination using the Indonesian SPMSQ to determine patient's cognitive status. An SPMSQ test in which the patient demonstrated more than 3 mistakes implies mild cognitive impairment, whereas a mistake of greater than 8 implies dementia.

The Fugl-Meyer Assessment scale is an index to assess the sensorimotor impairment in individuals who have had stroke. The score ranges is 0 to 226. A higher score indicates better body function.

The Motor Activity Log (MAL) is a semistructured interview for hemiparetic stroke patients to assess the use of their paretic arm and hand (amount of use [AOU]) and quality of movement [QOM]) during activities of daily living. Scores range from 0 to 5.

Albert's Test is is screening tool used to detect the presence of unilateral spatial neglect (USN) in patients with stroke. Patients cross out lines ruled in a standard fashion on a sheet of paper.

It is a semi-structured scale that helps to identify problematic areas of performance experienced by individuals and to measure their perceived occupational performance and satisfaction. This scale assesses the level of performance of self-care, productivity and leisure and satisfaction with these performances as perceived by the individual.

The ankle-brachial index test compares the blood pressure in the ankle with the blood pressure in the arm.