Completed

NCT Number: NCT06564766

Effectiveness of Debriefing After a Short Training on Brief Tobacco Intervention for Nursing Students: A Randomized Clinical Trial

* Background:** Brief tobacco intervention (BTI) is a key component in addressing the tobacco pandemic. The WHO recommends incorporating specific training on tobacco dependence and cessation into the curricula of health professionals. In studies published on smoking cessation training for nursing students, debriefing is used as a key tool. * Objectives:** To determine the effectiveness of debriefing following an objective evaluation of BTI training in nursing students and to assess its impact at 3 and 9 months. * Design:** Randomized controlled clinical trial with block randomization to evaluate the debriefing intervention versus no debriefing, with follow-up measurements taken five times over a period of 9 months. * Participants:** The study was conducted with second-year nursing students at the University of Murcia, Spain, during the 2021-2023 academic years. * Methods:** Both the experimental group (EG) and the control group (CG) received BTI training according to the 5 As and 5 Rs model in a brief 2.5-hour format in groups of 13-16 students. The data collection protocol was similar in both the EG and CG, with 5 measurements taken, always following the viewing of the 3 problem-solving videos and evaluating learning through the BTI-St®. The baseline measurement was taken before the BTI training (T0), followed by another measurement after students in both groups received BTI training in primary care (T1). Subsequently, in the experimental group, an expert instructor conducted a structured debriefing of approximately 10-15 minutes for each clinical scenario, while the control group received no additional intervention. At the end of the first day, all participants viewed the videos and completed the tool again (T2). At three and nine months, students viewed the videos and measurements were taken at T3 and T4, respectively. A two-factor repeated measures ANOVA was used to analyze intra-subject and inter-subject differences.

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Key information

Conditions

Tobacco Cessation Competence

Sex eligibility

All sexes

Study type

Interventional

Phase

Not applicable

Primary location

Faculty of Nursing, Health Sciences Campus.

Murcia, 30120, Spain

About this study

**Method of Measurement**

To assess changes in learning related to brief tobacco intervention (BTI) among nursing students, the Brief Tobacco Intervention BTI-St© tool was used, employing the standardized patient videos previously described. This instrument is based on a criterion-referenced test or competency test model, allowing for an objective evaluation of student performance in BTI and the identification of learning deficiencies. It is presented as an algorithm comprising 23 dichotomous items organized according to the 5As and 5Rs model, and it has demonstrated adequate validity and reliability (Ramos-Morcillo et al., 2022). Students are required to watch a video-recorded clinical scenario and indicate whether the criteria for brief smoking cessation intervention are met. Responses are scored against the gold standard defined in the validation of the scenarios, with item scores ranging from 0 (incorrect) to 1 (correct). The total maximum score for the presented scenarios ranges from 0 to 1 point if the student correctly answers all the items.

Who can participate

Healthy volunteers accepted: Yes

Only the study team can determine whether someone qualifies for participation.

Inclusion criteria

The inclusion criteria were being enrolled in the second-year course "Foundations of Community Nursing," where BTI training is provided, and agreeing to participate in the study.

Exclusion criteria

Nothing

Treatment and study plan

Debriefing

Other

In the experimental group, an expert instructor conducted a structured debriefing lasting about 10-15 minutes for each clinical scenario, while in the control group, no additional intervention was provided.

The debriefing used in this study has the following characteristics: brief (≤ 15 minutes), educator present, educator experienced in debriefing, focused on healthcare management or decision-making, and used the Plus-Delta method, where participants are asked to reflect on the simulation event and assess their performance by identifying what went well and areas for improvement.

Primary outcomes

brief tobacco intervention competence

Time frame: 12 months

To assess changes in learning brief tobacco intervention (BTI) skills among nursing students, the Brief Tobacco Intervention BTI-St© tool was used, utilizing the previously described videos of standardized patients. This tool is based on a criterion-referenced test or competency test model, allowing for an objective evaluation of students' performance in BTI and the identification of learning deficiencies. It is presented as an algorithm comprising 23 dichotomous items organized according to the 5As and 5Rs model, and it has demonstrated adequate validity and reliability (Ramos-Morcillo et al., 2022). Students are required to watch a recorded clinical scenario and then indicate whether or not the criteria for brief intervention to quit smoking are met. Their responses are corrected against the gold standard defined in the validation of the scenarios, with item scores ranging from 0 (incorrect) to 1 (correct). The total maximum score for the scenarios ranges from 0 to 1 point.

Sponsors and collaborators

Lead sponsor

Universidad de Murcia