Effectiveness of Comprehensive Corrective Exercises Program on Kyphosis in Recreational Cyclists

Sagittal plane deformity, another name for excessive thoracic spine curvature, is a postural condition marked by an unnatural increase in the thoracic kyphosis angle. This angle typically falls between 20° and 40°, but values of 45° to 50° or higher are thought to be suggestive of hyperkyphosis, increased kyphosis, or postural kyphosis. Because of spinal misalignment, excessive upper back curvature, or hyperkyphosis, can happen at any age.

Athletes are becoming increasingly concerned about kyphosis, an excessive forward curvature of the upper spine, particularly those who play sports like cycling that require a forward-leaning posture. Continuously hunching over the handlebars for extended periods when cycling can exacerbate this condition and result in discomfort, pain, and other problems. Long-term cycling postures can increase the risk of developing kyphosis by causing muscle imbalances, decreased spinal flexibility, and altered biomechanics. In addition to impairing athletic performance, these problems can result in chronic musculoskeletal disorders if left untreated. Sports medicine specialists and physiotherapists need to understand and treat kyphosis in cyclist's top priority as cycling becomes more and more popular. Sports requiring a forward-leaning stance, like swimming, cycling, and some track events, are more likely to cause kyphosis. Because cycling involves postural demands that can result in muscle imbalances and adaptations that increase the risk of kyphosis, cyclists are particularly vulnerable. In this context, the specific postural requirement of cycling includes forward leaning which is crucial for manageability and speed; in relation to kyphosis, this expresses a high degree of causality. This is especially evident during the long training sessions and the continued forward-leaning position in long bike rides that puts a constant stress on the thoracic spine leading to muscle imbalances and hardness in the thoracic region.

Corrective exercise can be defined as exercise that is designed to counter the effects of poor posture and can be effectively done by following the corrective exercise protocol that was created by the National Academy of Sports Medicine (NASM) and has been proven to reduce forward head posture and enhance cervical proprioception which in turn will enhance the general spinal stability. Corrective exercise is needed in fixing postural and musculoskeletal problems. It is a comprehensive process that involves using one's hands to assess muscles and joints, especially for strength and weakness, evaluating one's posture and movement, and prescribing specific exercise regimens to help a client achieve the proper body positioning and function. Corrective exercise training is an advanced method that incorporates ways to avoid overused muscles, stretch short muscles, recruit weak muscles, and embed new movement patterns with the purpose of identifying movement dysfunctions. Besides, it is used in the rehabilitation, conditioning, and performance enhancement training for various impairments that may affect the body regions and flexibility, strength, neuromuscular coordination, and balance. Corrective exercise is an all-inclusive solution for individuals which addresses movement dysfunctions and assist in achieving the maximum physical capability and performance of an individual without causing injury.

Inclusion criteria

● All male recreational cyclist aged below 40

• Cyclists who are riding 1 to 2 hours per day minimum 3 days per week
• Cyclists who have been cycling for at least 2 years.

Exclusion criteria

• • All females

• Elite or master category cyclists
• Any spinal disorder or recent spinal pain or surgery
• Any bone pathology or deformity
• Any musculoskeletal injury
• Any postural changes due to occupational work setup