Effectiveness of Cognitive Stimulation Treatment in Patients With Parkinson's Disease

Improvement in cognitive function after eight weeks of cognitive training as measured by the battery of italian neuropsychological tests (pencil/computer paper). The neuropsychological battery consists of domain-specific cognitive tests that will provide an aggregate measure of cognitive improvement between pre and post-treatment. Higher score indicates an improvement on cognitive function.

Cognitive Reserve (CR) is a concept based on the plasticity of the brain and an higher CR lowers the risk for incidence of dementia. The CRIq consists of 20 questions collecting demographic information, the number of years of education, and occupational and leisure activities throughout adulthood including the frequency of the activities.

Beck Depression Inventory 2 (BDI-II): is a 21-item self-administered inventory designed to measure the intensity of depressive symptoms. Items are rated on a 4 point scale, with total scores obtained by summing the ratings for all items. Scores ranging between 0 and 13 are indicative of minimal depression. Scores ranging between 14 and 19 are indicative of mild level of depression while a score rangin from 29 to 63 is labeled severe.

Self-Rating Anxiety Sate (SAS): The SAS is a 20-item self-report assessment device built to measure anxiety levels, based on scoring in 4 groups of manifestations: cognitive, autonomic, motor and central nervous system symptoms. Each question is scored on a Likert-type scale of 1-4 (based on these replies: "a little of the time", "some of the time", "good part of the time", "most of the time"). The total raw scores range from 20 to 80. Higher score indicates higher anxiety levels.

Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL): Instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) are those activities that allow an individual to live independently in a community and can significantly improve the quality of life. The final total score ranges from 0 (low function, dependent) to 8 (high function, independent).

Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL): Instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) are those activities that allow an individual to live independently in a community and can significantly improve the quality of life. The final total score ranges from 0 (low function, dependent) to 8 (high function, independent).the higher the score, the greater the person's abilities.

IActivities of daily living (ADL): the ADL refers to activities oriented toward taking care of one's own body. These activities are fundamental to living in a social world; they enable basic survival and well-being, such as bathing, toileting, dressing and eating. Total score: between 6 (maximum performance) and 0 (lack of performance). the higher the score, the greater the person's abilities.

Visual Analog Scale (VAS) on the degree of expectation and subsequently on the degree of benefit of treatment, ranges from 0 (low benefit) to 10 (high benefit).

Parkinson's Disease Quality of Life 8 Questions (PDQ-8). The PDQ-8 is a self-administered questionnaire, used to measure quality of life in persons with Parkinson's disease. Each question is scored from 0-4 points and the scores are summed. The summed score is then divided by total possible score and given as a percentage score out of 100. A higher score represents a worse quality of life.