Effectiveness and Implementation of a Community-based Health Coach-led Artificial Intelligence (AI)-Powered Digital Self-Regulation Program for Individuals With Metabolic Syndrome (MetS)

The Self-Regulation of Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (SREBQ) is a validated self-administered instrument used to assess individuals' self-regulation in relation to eating behavior. It evaluates the extent to which individuals monitor, control, and regulate their eating behaviors in everyday contexts. Higher scores indicate greater self-regulation of eating behavior.

Cardiovascular risk will be assessed via the ASCVD-risk calculator and the Singapore-modified Framingham Risk Score 2023 (SG-FRS-2023). Higher scores indicate a greater estimated cardiovascular risk.

Both systolic and diastolic blood pressure will be assessed.

The Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ) is a validated self-administered instrument used to assess eating-related behaviors. It measures three domains: cognitive restraint of eating, uncontrolled eating, and emotional eating. Higher scores indicate greater levels of the respective eating behavior.

The Consideration of Future Consequences Scale - 6 item (CFCS-6) is a validated self-administered questionnaire used to assess the extent to which individuals consider the potential future outcomes of their current behaviors. It evaluates the degree to which individuals weigh immediate versus future consequences when making decisions. Higher scores indicate greater consideration of future consequences.

The Self-Report Behavioural Automaticity Index (SRBAI) is a validated self-administered questionnaire used to assess the automaticity of behavior. It evaluates the extent to which a behavior is performed automatically, with little conscious thought or deliberation. Higher scores indicate greater behavioral automaticity.

The International Physical Activity Questionnaire - Short Form (IPAQ-SF) is a validated self-administered questionnaire used to assess self-reported physical activity levels. It captures the frequency and duration of walking, moderate-intensity activity, and vigorous-intensity activity performed over the past 7 days.

The Generalized Anxiety Disorder - 2 item (GAD-2) is a validated self-administered screening questionnaire used to assess the frequency of core anxiety symptoms over the past two weeks. Higher scores indicate greater anxiety symptom severity.

The Patient Health Questionnaire - 2 item (PHQ-2) is a validated self-administered screening questionnaire used to assess the frequency of depressive symptoms over the past two weeks. Higher scores indicate greater depressive symptom severity.

The Perceived Stress Scale - 10 item (PSS-10) is a validated self-administered questionnaire used to assess perceived stress levels over the past month. It measures the extent to which individuals perceive situations in their lives as stressful. Higher scores indicate greater perceived stress.

The EuroQol 5 Dimensions - 5 Levels (EQ-5D-5L) is a standardized self-administered instrument used to assess health-related quality of life. It measures five dimensions: mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression, each with five response levels.

The Big Five Inventory - 44 item (BFI-44) is a validated self-administered questionnaire used to assess personality traits across five domains: openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism. Higher scores indicate greater expression of the respective personality traits.

Measured using InBody 120.

Measured using InBody 120.

Measured using InBody 120.

Measured using InBody 120.

Measured using (fasting blood insulin X fasting blood glucose)/22.5.

Fasting blood glucose is a biochemical measure of blood glucose concentration after an overnight fast, measured using standard laboratory blood analysis. Higher values indicate poorer glycaemic control.

Glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) reflects average blood glucose levels over the preceding two to three months and is measured using standard laboratory blood analysis. Higher values indicate poorer long-term glycaemic control.

Triglycerides are a lipid biomarker measured using standard laboratory blood analysis to assess circulating triglyceride levels. Higher values indicate poorer lipid profiles and increased cardiometabolic risk.

High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) is a lipid biomarker measured using standard laboratory blood analysis to assess protective cholesterol levels. Lower values indicate poorer lipid profiles and increased cardiometabolic risk.