Effect of Topical Anesthesia on Hemodynamics During the Induction Period in Patients Undergo Cardiac Surgery.

The routine anesthesia induction strategy for cardiac surgery is to decrease stress response during endotracheal intubation by using large doses of opioids. However, high doses of opioids often leads to persistent and recurrent hypotension in patients from the anesthesia induction period to the beginning of the surgery. Patients scheduled to accept cardiac surgery often have severe concomitant disease. Hemodynamic fluctuation might lead to disastrous events. Anesthesia induction for such patients should not only provide adequate depth of anesthesia to decrease the stress response of endotracheal intubation, but also make hemodynamics stable after tracheal intubation.

Inclusion criteria

• Patients scheduled to accept elective /major cardiac surgery;
• Patients older than 18 years and younger than 85 years;
• Patients of The American Society of Anesthesiologists ( ASA )Ⅱ - Ⅳ level grade;
• Patients signed the informed consent form for the clinical study;

Exclusion criteria

• Patients cannot cooperate to topical anesthesia;
• Patients with a left cardiac assist device prior to surgery;
• Patients with aortic dissection;
• Patients with Intra Aortic Balloon Pump (IABP) prior to surgery;
• Patients treated with Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) prior to surgery;
• Patients with difficult airway;
• Patients with high sensitivity and hypersensitivity to lidocaine and tetracaine;
• Patients with atrioventricular block;
• Hemoglobin(Hb)<80g/L；
• Patients who have participated in other clinical studies during the last 3 months;