Effect of Switching From Cigarette Smoking to the Use of IQOS on Periodontitis Treatment Outcome

Pocket depth (PD) is the distance from the gingival margin to which a probe penetrates into the pocket. Mean Periodontal PD change from baseline will be measured in all sites with initial PD ≥ 4 mm, following mechanical periodontal therapy, in patients who switch to IQOS use compared to those who continue cigarette smoking.

Pocket depth (PD) is the distance from the gingival margin to which a probe penetrates into the pocket. Mean Periodontal PD change from baseline will be measured in all sites with initial PD ≥ 4 mm, following mechanical periodontal therapy, in patients who switch to IQOS use compared to those who continue cigarette smoking.

Clinical attachment level (CAL) is the measured distance from cementoenamel junction (CEJ) to the bottom of pocket using a periodontal probe. Mean CAL change from baseline will be measured in sites with initial PD ≥ 4 mm, following mechanical periodontal therapy, in patients who switch to IQOS use compared to those who continue cigarette smoking.

Pocket depth (PD) is the distance from the gingival margin to which a probe penetrates into the pocket. Mean Periodontal PD change from baseline will be measured in all sites with initial PD ≥ 4 mm, following mechanical periodontal therapy, in patients who switch to IQOS use compared to those who continue cigarette smoking.

Clinical attachment level (CAL) is the measured distance from cementoenamel junction (CEJ) to the bottom of pocket using a periodontal probe. Mean CAL change from baseline will be measured in sites with initial PD ≥ 4 mm, following mechanical periodontal therapy, in patients who switch to IQOS use compared to those who continue cigarette smoking.

Pocket depth (PD) is the distance from the gingival margin to which a probe penetrates into the pocket. Change in mean full-mouth PD will be measured, following mechanical periodontal therapy, in patients who switch to IQOS use compared to those who continue cigarette smoking.

Clinical attachment level (CAL) is the measured distance from cementoenamel junction (CEJ) to the bottom of pocket using a periodontal probe. Change in mean full-mouth CAL will be measured, following mechanical periodontal therapy, in patients who switch to IQOS use compared to those who continue cigarette smoking.

Pocket depth (PD) is the distance from the gingival margin to which a probe penetrates into the pocket. Mean PD change will be measured in sites with initial PD < 4 mm, and with initial PD of 4 mm to <5 mm, 5 mm to < 6 mm, 6 mm to < 7 mm and ≥ 7 mm.

Clinical attachment level (CAL) is the measured distance from cementoenamel junction (CEJ) to the bottom of pocket using a periodontal probe. Mean CAL change will be measured in sites with initial PD < 4 mm, and with initial PD of 4 mm to <5 mm, 5 mm to < 6 mm, 6 mm to < 7 mm and ≥ 7 mm.

Pocket depth (PD) is the distance from the gingival margin to which a probe penetrates into the pocket. Any change will be recorded in the number of periodontally diseased sites with Pocket Depth (PD) < 4 mm, with PD 4 mm to < 5mm, with PD 5 mm to < 6 mm , with PD 6 mm to < 7 mm and with PD ≥ 7 mm. PD is the distance from the gingival margin to which a probe penetrates into the pocket.

Gingival inflammation will be measured by calculating the gingival index (GI) score for each target tooth.

The gingival index (GI) scores each site on a 0 to 3 scale, with 0 being normal and 3 being severe inflammation characterized by edema, redness, swelling, and spontaneous bleeding.

Tooth mobility will be graded according to Miller's mobility index (MMI), which is the most widely accepted method for routine clinical examinations of tooth mobility. The tooth is held between the metallic handles of two instruments and moved in the buccolingual or buccopalatal direction, and the moved distance is visually estimated by the person conducting the examination.

Grade 0: Physiologic movement within 0.2 mm; Grade 1: Slight mobility, tooth can be moved 0.2 - 1 mm labiolingually; Grade 2: Moderate mobility, tooth can be moved 1 - 2 mm labiolingually or mesiodistally; Grade 3: Severe mobility, tooth can be moved more than 2 mm labiolingually or mesiodistally, or ability to depress the tooth in a vertical direction.

Plaque will be measured using the plaque control record (PCR) percentage.

Gum inflammation was measured using percentage of teeth bleeding on probing (BOP).

BOP in full mouth was measured to assess inflammatory status in the pocket and was assessed as YES or NO of bleeding at 6 sites per tooth. Gently probing (approximately 20 g pressure), the bleeding site within 30 seconds was assessed as YES.

This biomarker of exposure to a tobacco smoke constituent will be measured in patients who switch to IQOS use and patients who continue cigarette smoking. Concentrations measured in urine and expressed as concentration adjusted for creatinine (mg/g creat).

This biomarker of exposure to a tobacco smoke constituent will be measured in patients who switch to IQOS use and patients who continue cigarette smoking. Concentrations measured in urine and expressed as concentration adjusted for creatinine (pg/mg creat).

This biomarker of exposure to a tobacco smoke constituent will be measured in patients who switch to IQOS use and patients who continue cigarette smoking. Concentrations measured in urine and expressed as concentration adjusted for creatinine (ng/mg creat).

Self-reported use of tobacco or nicotine containing products will be measured over the study in patients switching to IQOS use and patients who continue cigarette smoking.