Effect of Strength Training and Protein Ingestion in Old Versus Very-old

In- and exclusion criteria are listed in NCT02034760. Subjects will be randomized to interventions as described, and 15 subjects from each of the three groups will be tested after 12 weeks of intervention.

15 subjects are included in each group to account for an expected drop-out rate of 20%, and so 12 subjects are expected to complete each intervention. With this N an increase of around 11% in MRi-evaluated muscle size can be detected with a powerlevel of 80% and an alpha of 0.05 and use of reported SD.

Primary outcome is muscle size (MRi), and secondary outcomes are overall body composition (DXA), muscle strength, rate of force development, power, 30s chair stand, 400m gait speed, grip strength. Tertiary outcomes are habitual activitylevel (accelerometry), blood samples (HbA1c, cholesterols, creatinine), blood pressure, weight, BMI, wast- and hip circumference.

Results are to be compared with NCT01997320 and so a population of 65+ can be compared with a population of 83+. Both studies uses the same heavy strength training regimen.

Inclusion criteria

• Healthy, independently living
• Age at least 65 years

Exclusion criteria

• Subjects dependent on help/nursing etc.
• Chronic medical diseases: Diabetes mellitus, clinical knee or hip osteoarthritis, other types of arthritis or connective tissue disorders, active cancer, renal diseases, severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cardiac arrhythmias or known decreased left ventricular ejection fraction, lactose or gluten intolerance, chronic inflammatory bowel diseases, non-treated hyper/hypothyroidism, dementia.
• Surgical diseases: Bone, muscle, tendon or joint injuries compromising participation in exercise regimens.
• Implanted magnetic devices incompatible with MRi-scanning.
• Weekly alcohol consumption > 21 units (1 unit equals 4g of ethanol) for men and > 14 for women.
• Medicine except acetylsalicylic acid, paracetamol, thyroid function hormones, statins in doses above 40mg/day or if combined with subjective myalgia, ACE-inhibitors, Angiotensin II blockers, beta-blockers, calciumantagonists, proton-pump inhibitors, thiazides, potassium-sparing diuretics and loop diuretics.
• >1 hour of exercise weekly, except light activities such as stretching/gymnastics and bike-riding/walking as transportation.