Effect of Squash Exercise Intervention on Sleep and Mental Health Among Young Adults

Inclusion criteria

• (1) healthy young adults ; (2) without chronic diseases or psychiatric disorders between the ages of 18 and 35; (3) absence of regular exercise for the past half year; (4) right-handedness; (5) Neither color blindness nor color weakness exist.

Exclusion criteria

• the exclusion criteria includes individuals with a history of cardiovascular, metabolic, or neurological disorders (such as hypertension, diabetes, epilepsy, or other significant medical conditions), as well as those with current or past psychiatric disorders, including depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, or other mood or behavioral disorders. Participants who have engaged in regular physical exercise or athletic training within the past six months will also be excluded, as their activity levels may interfere with the results. Left-handed individuals will be excluded, as handedness can affect motor performance and brain activity patterns. Additionally, individuals with any visual impairment affecting color perception, such as color blindness or color weakness, will be excluded. Those currently using medications that affect cognitive function, mood, or physical performance (e.g., antidepressants, anxiolytics, or beta-blockers) will also be excluded, as will individuals with a history of substance abuse or current substance use. Participants with sleep disorders, such as insomnia or sleep apnea, will be excluded to avoid confounding sleep-related outcomes. Lastly, pregnant or breastfeeding individuals, as well as those currently participating in other clinical trials or studies that could interfere with this research, will be excluded from the study.