Effect Of Single-Dose PF-05175157 On Metabolic And Cardiopulmonary Parameters

Global longitudinal left ventricular strain was defined as the percent change in left ventricular longitudinal dimension in comparison to its original dimension. Global longitudinal LV strain was assessed by echocardiography using speckled tracking analysis.

Global longitudinal left ventricular strain was defined as the percent change in left ventricular longitudinal dimension in comparison to its original dimension. Global longitudinal LV strain was assessed by echocardiography using speckled tracking analysis.

Global longitudinal left ventricular strain was defined as the percent change in left ventricular longitudinal dimension in comparison to its original dimension. Global longitudinal LV strain was assessed by echocardiography using speckled tracking analysis.

OUES was defined as an index of cardiopulmonary functional reserve that was based upon a submaximal exercise effort. OUES relates oxygen uptake to total ventilation during exercise.

An AE was any untoward medical occurrence in a participant who received study drug without regard to possibility of causal relationship. An SAE was an AE resulting in any of the following outcomes or deemed significant for any other reason: death; initial or prolonged inpatient hospitalization; life-threatening experience (immediate risk of dying); persistent or significant disability/incapacity; or congenital anomaly; or a medically important event. Treatment-emergent were events between first dose of study drug and up to 5-10 days after last dose that were absent before treatment or that worsened relative to pre-treatment state. Adverse events included both serious and non-serious adverse events.

Criteria for clinically significant:Hematology (hemoglobin,hematocrit,red blood corpuscles [RBC] count:less than [<]0.8*lower limit of normal [LLN];platelets:<0.5*LLN/greater than [>]1.75*upper limit of normal [ULN];white blood corpuscles [WBC]:<0.6*LLN or >1.5*ULN;lymphocytes, total neutrophils:<0.8*LLN or >1.2*ULN;basophils,eosinophil, monocytes:>1.2*ULN);Liver Function(aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase,alkaline phosphatase:>0.3*ULN;total protein,albumin:<0.8*LLN or >1.2*ULN;total bilirubin:>1.5*ULN);Renal Function (blood urea nitrogen,creatinine:>1.3*ULN; uric acid:>1.2*ULN);Electrolytes (sodium:<0.95*LLN or >1.05*ULN,potassium,chloride, calcium,bicarbonate:<0.9*LLN or >1.1*ULN; glucose fasting:<0.6*LLN or >1.5*ULN);Urinalysis (urine pH:>1.5*ULN or >4.5;urine glucose,ketones,proteins, nitrites, leukocyte esterase,blood/hemoglobin:greater than or equal to (>=)1;urine WBC and RBC,urine bacteria:>=20/High Power Field [HPF];epithelial cells:>=6/HPF).

Participants who met the pre-defined criteria for clinically significant cardiovascular events were reported. Criteria for clinically significant cardiovascular events: Blood pressure (BP) [supine systolic and sitting systolic BP (SBP): <90 millimeter of mercury (mm Hg), >=30 mmHg maximum increase and decrease from baseline in same posture; supine diastolic and sitting diastolic BP (DBP): <50 mm Hg, >=20 mmHg maximum increase and >=30 mmHg maximum decrease from baseline in same posture]; pulse rate: supine and sitting: <40 or >120 bpm.

Criteria for clinically significant ECG values included: maximum PR interval >=300 millisecond (msec) and maximum increase of >=25 percent (%) from baseline value of >200 msec and >=50 % for baseline value of <=200 msec, maximum QRS interval >=140 msec or maximum increase of >=50% for baseline value of >100 msec; QT interval corrected using the Fridericia formula (QTcF) 450-<480 msec, 480-<500, >=500 msec or increase of >45 msec or maximum increase of >=30 to <60 and >=60 msec for QT interval where, PR interval: interval between the start of the P wave and the start of the QRS complex corresponding to the time between the onset of atrial depolarization and onset of ventricular depolarization; QRS interval: time from electrocardiogram Q wave to the end of the T wave corresponding to ventricle depolarization, QTcF interval: time corresponding to the beginning of depolarization to repolarization of the ventricles.

VO2 was the maximum rate of oxygen consumption as measured during incremental or prolonged, sub-maximal exercise. It reflects the aerobic physical fitness of the individual. It was assessed during indirect measure of heat production (calorimetry). The unit of measure is milliliter per kilogram per minute (mL/kg/min).

RER was defined as the ratio between the amount of oxygen (O2) consumed and carbon dioxide (CO2) produced in one breath. The parameter was assessed during indirect measure of heat production (calorimetry).

VE/VCO2 slope was also termed as ventilator efficiency. It was defined as the amount of minute ventilation required to eliminate 1 liter of carbon dioxide. The determinants of VE/VCO2 included fractional dead space and partial pressure of carbon dioxide. The parameter was assessed during indirect calorimetry.

VO2 at anaerobic threshold was widely recognized as a sub-max indicator of fitness. The parameter was assessed during indirect calorimetry.

Oxygen Pulse (VO2 /Heart Rate) was equal to stroke volume multiplied by oxygen extraction. This parameter was assessed during cardiopulmonary exercise test.

Oxygen kinetics describes the dependence of respiration of isolated cells on oxygen partial pressure. The characteristics of oxygen uptake kinetics differ with intensity of exercise.

Aerobic efficiency was defined as volume of oxygen divided by work. This parameter was assessed during cardiovascular exercise test.

Physical work capacity evaluates the capacity of an individual to perform physically demanding work tasks. PWC 130 was a simple sub-max exercise parameter that can be used as surrogate for fitness that was independent of metabolic cart measurements. Interventions that improve fitness improve the PWC 130.

Left ventricular volume was defined as volume of blood pumped from the left ventricle to the heart per beat. It was calculated using measurements of ventricle volumes from an echocardiogram and subtracting the volume of the blood in the ventricle at the end of a beat (called end-systolic volume) from the volume of blood just prior to the beat (called end-diastolic volume). Left ventricular volume was reported using modified Simpson's technique.

Left ventricular volume was defined as volume of blood pumped from the left ventricle to the heart per beat. It was calculated using measurements of ventricle volumes from an echocardiogram and subtracting the volume of the blood in the ventricle at the end of a beat (called end-systolic volume) from the volume of blood just prior to the beat (called end-diastolic volume). Change from baseline in left ventricular volume was reported using modified Simpson's technique.

Left ventricle is the chamber in the heart responsible for pumping blood to the rest of the body. Thickening of the lower chambers of left ventricular wall is also termed as ventricular hypertrophy. It was assessed by echocardiography using 2-dimensional gray-scale imaging; M-mode.

Left ventricular geometry was assessed by echocardiography using 2-dimensional gray-scale imaging. Relative wall thickness was the index of left ventricular geometry and defined as the sum of interventricular septal thickness (mm) and posterior wall thickness (mm) divided by LV internal end-diastolic diameter (mm).

Right ventricle is the chamber in the heart responsible for pumping blood to the lungs. Right ventricular dimensions included end-diastole area (EDA) and end-systole area (ESA). It was assessed by echocardiography using 2-dimensional gray-scale imaging.

Right ventricle is the chamber in the heart responsible for pumping blood to the lungs. Right ventricular dimensions included end-diastole area and end-systole area. It was assessed by echocardiography using 2-dimensional gray-scale imaging. Change from baseline in right ventricular dimension was reported.

Atrial volumes were assessed by echocardiography using 2-dimensional gray-scale imaging and were calculated using the bi-plane area-length method. Both end-systole volumes (ESV) and end-diastole volumes (EDV) were reported.

Atrial volumes were assessed by echocardiography using 2-dimensional gray-scale imaging and were calculated using the bi-plane area-length method. Both end-systole volumes and end-diastole volumes were reported. Change from baseline in atrial volume was reported.

Systolic ejection fraction was the fraction of the end-diastolic volume (EDV) that was ejected out of left ventricle with each contraction, estimated by echocardiography. EDV was the volume of blood within a ventricle immediately before a contraction. Ejection fraction served as a general measure of the cardiac function of a participant.

Systolic ejection fraction was the fraction of the end-diastolic volume that was ejected out of left ventricle with each contraction, estimated by echocardiography. EDV was the volume of blood within a ventricle immediately before a contraction. Ejection fraction served as a general measure of the cardiac function of a participant. Change from baseline in ejection fraction was reported.

It was assessed by echocardiography using Tissue Doppler Imaging (Color Post-Processing).

It was assessed by echocardiography using Tissue Doppler Imaging (Color Post-Processing). Change from baseline in peak contractile velocity was reported.

Torsion is the twisting of an object due to an applied torque. It is expressed in newton metres. The left ventricle twists in systole storing potential energy and untwists (recoils) in diastole releasing the energy. Twist aids left ventricular ejection and untwist aids relaxation and ventricular filling. Therefore, rotation and torsion are important in cardiac mechanics. It was assessed by echocardiography using speckled tracking analysis .

Global longitudinal left ventricular strain rate was defined as the rate of percent change in left ventricular longitudinal dimension in comparison to its original dimension. Global strain rate was assessed by echocardiography using speckled tracking analysis.

Global longitudinal left ventricular strain rate was defined as the rate of percent change in left ventricular longitudinal dimension in comparison to its original dimension. Global strain rate was assessed by echocardiography using speckled tracking analysis. Change from baseline in systolic global strain rate was reported.

Trans-mitral doppler ratio was Transmitral E wave peak velocity divided by transmitral A wave peak velocity. The E/A ratio was defined the ratio of the early (E) to late (A) ventricular filling velocities and was marker of the function of the left ventricle of the heart. It was determined on spectral doppler echocardiography.

Trans-mitral doppler ratio was Transmitral E wave peak velocity divided by transmitral A wave peak velocity. The E/A ratio was defined the ratio of the early (E) to late (A) ventricular filling velocities and was marker of the function of the left ventricle of the heart. It was determined on spectral doppler echocardiography. Change from baseline in trans-mitral ration was reported.

Trans-mitral doppler time was measured as the time between the closure of the aortic valve and the opening of the mitral valve. It was determined on spectral doppler echocardiography.

Trans-mitral doppler time was measured as the time between the closure of the aortic valve and the opening of the mitral valve. It was determined on spectral doppler echocardiography. Change from baseline in trans-mitral doppler time was reported.

Tissue velocities were measured off-line from two dimensional (2D) color-coded tissue doppler images and reported as the average of 3 consecutive cardiac cycles. Tissue Doppler Imaging measured the velocity of the heart muscle or myocardium through the phases of one or more heartbeats by the Doppler effect (frequency shift) of the reflected ultrasound. Early and late peak tissue velocities (EPV and LPV) were reported.

Tissue velocities were measured off-line from 2D color-coded tissue doppler images and reported as the average of 3 consecutive cardiac cycles. Tissue Doppler Imaging measured the velocity of the heart muscle or myocardium through the phases of one or more heartbeats by the Doppler effect (frequency shift) of the reflected ultrasound. Change from baseline in early and late peak tissue velocities were reported.

Diastolic strain rate was defined as the rate of percent change in all segments of left ventricular dimension in comparison to its original dimension. It was assessed by echocardiography using speckled tracking analysis.

Diastolic untwisting is an important component of early diastolic left ventricular filling. Left ventricular diastolic function is determined by early diastolic relaxation and myocardial stiffness. Peak diastolic untwisting rate is defined as the rate of left ventricular relaxation. It was assessed by echocardiography using speckled tracking analysis.

Plasma metabolomic profiles before and immediately following steady state and incremental exercise were collected using vacutainer tube containing dipotassium ethylenediamine tetraacetic Acid (K2EDTA) were processed by the clinical site according to handling specifications.