Effect of Shock Wave Therapy on Myofascial Pain Syndrome in Adolescent Athletes

By Pain Quality Assessment Scale (PQAS), which help to measure different aspects of pain. For one patient, a pain might feel extremely hot and burning, but not at all dull, while another patient may not experience any burning pain, but feel like their pain is very dull and achy. High test-retest reliability has been observed in both literate and illiterate patients with neuropathic pain, for construct validity, was high in patients with chronic pain conditions. The scale creates a 20- item measures that would be even more useful for assessing neuropathic pain and also would be used to assess pain qualities associated with non-neuropathic pain. PQAS can be scored as individual ratings (20 items), or the PQAS items can be combined into composite scores.

It will be assessed by the CROM instrument pre and post-treatment. The subject should be seated upright in a straight-back chair with the sacrum against the backrest, thoracic spine away, arms at the sides, and feet flat on the floor. The CROM instrument is positioned like a pair of glasses and secured with Velcro straps. To ensure full cervical flexion, the movement begins with a slight nod to create a double chin (suboccipital flexion) before continuing into full flexion. The sagittal plane meter should be read through its beveled edge for an accurate magnified reading, and the measurement is recorded on the designated sheet.

It will be assessed by the CROM instrument pre and post-treatment. Cervical extension is measured by initiating a slight backward nod (suboccipital extension), followed by further extension until the full range is reached. The obtained measurement is then recorded accordingly.

It will be assessed by the CROM instrument pre and post-treatment. To prevent rotation during lateral flexion, focus should remain on a fixed point straight ahead. A sagittal plane meter reading of zero confirms a neutral head position, while any deviation on the lateral flexion meter indicates lateral flexion at rest, which should be recorded. Lateral flexion of the head to the right is performed while maintaining level shoulders and avoiding rotation. Shoulder elevation is monitored and corrected manually if needed.

It will be assessed by the CROM instrument pre and post-treatment. To prevent rotation during lateral flexion, focus should remain on a fixed point straight ahead. A sagittal plane meter reading of zero confirms a neutral head position, while any deviation on the lateral flexion meter indicates lateral flexion at rest, which should be recorded. Lateral flexion of the head to the left is performed while maintaining level shoulders and avoiding rotation. Shoulder elevation is monitored and corrected manually if needed.

It will be assessed by the CROM instrument plus the magnetic yoke and rotation arm pre and post-treatment. Accurate readings depend on determining magnetic north by observing the red needle on the rotation meter at least four feet from the yoke. The magnetic yoke is positioned on the subject's shoulders with the arrow pointing north. The subject remains seated upright in a straight-back chair with the sacrum against the backrest, thoracic spine away, arms at the sides, and feet flat. The lateral flexion and sagittal plane meters must read zero to ensure a level rotation meter. With the subject facing forward, the rotation meter is adjusted so one pointer aligns with zero. A fixed horizontal line on the wall serves as a visual reference to prevent head tilting. Rotation to the right occurs first, with the left shoulder lightly stabilized to prevent movement.

It will be assessed by the CROM instrument plus the magnetic yoke and rotation arm pre and post-treatment. Accurate readings depend on determining magnetic north by observing the red needle on the rotation meter at least four feet from the yoke. The magnetic yoke is positioned on the subject's shoulders with the arrow pointing north. The subject remains seated upright in a straight-back chair with the sacrum against the backrest, thoracic spine away, arms at the sides, and feet flat. The lateral flexion and sagittal plane meters must read zero to ensure a level rotation meter. With the subject facing forward, the rotation meter is adjusted so one pointer aligns with zero. A fixed horizontal line on the wall serves as a visual reference to prevent head tilting. Rotation to the left occurs first, with the right shoulder lightly stabilized to prevent movement.

It will be assessed pre and post-treatment using the neck disability index (NDI).The 10 items include effects of pain on personal care activities: lifting, reading, sleeping and the patient level of participation in recreational activities. Each section contains 6 statements representing a different level of severity. Each section is scored on a 0 to 5 scale, with 5 designating the greatest disability. The scores of each section are summated for a total score of 50. The total score is then multiplied by 2 to arrive at percentage score. This value represents the percentage of disability.