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NCT Number: NCT07602075

Effect of Regular Piano Playing on Dental Anxiety and Stress

This study aims to evaluate dental anxiety and stress levels in children receiving regular piano training compared with children without piano training during preventive dental treatment. A total of 80 children aged 7-11 years, including 40 children receiving piano education and 40 controls, were included in the study. All participants underwent fissure sealant application using the Tell-Show-Do behavioral guidance technique. Dental anxiety was assessed before and after treatment using the Modified Child Dental Anxiety Scale-Faces Version (MCDASf), Facial Image Scale (FIS), and physiological parameters including pulse rate, blood pressure, oxygen saturation, and body temperature. Stress levels were evaluated using the PeSSKi scale. The study investigates whether regular piano education contributes to reduced dental anxiety and stress responses in pediatric dental patients.

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Key information

Conditions

Dental Anxiety in Children

Age range

7 year–11 year

Sex eligibility

All sexes

Study type

Interventional

Phase

Not applicable

Primary location

Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University

Merkez, Rize Province, 53020, Turkey (Türkiye)

Who can participate

Healthy volunteers accepted: Yes

Only the study team can determine whether someone qualifies for participation.

Inclusion criteria

  • Children aged between 7 and 11 years
  • Patients attending the Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry,
  • Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University, and participants invited from two different art schools
  • Voluntary participation in the study
  • Presence of fissure sealant indication in the mandibular permanent first molars
  • Systemically healthy children (ASA I) with no known history of allergy
  • No hearing impairment
  • Cognitive ability sufficient to understand and answer questionnaire items
  • Cooperative behavior classified as "Positive" or "Definitely Positive" according to the Frankl Behavior Rating Scale

Exclusion criteria

  • Presence of any systemic disease or history of allergy
  • Children classified as "Negative" or "Definitely Negative" according to the Frankl Behavior Rating Scale
  • Active psychological and/or psychiatric treatment
  • Physical or mental disability preventing communication or questionnaire completion

Treatment and study plan

Regular Piano Training

Behavioral

Regular piano education received by children prior to preventive dental treatment. Children in this group had ongoing piano training and were evaluated for dental anxiety, stress levels, and physiological responses during fissure sealant application using the Tell-Show-Do technique.

No Piano Training

Other

Children without regular piano training who underwent preventive dental treatment and fissure sealant application using the Tell-Show-Do technique. Dental anxiety, stress levels, and physiological parameters were evaluated before and after treatment.

Primary outcomes

  1. Dental Anxiety Level Measured by the Modified Child Dental Anxiety Scale-Faces Version

    Time frame: Before and immediately after fissure sealant application

    Dental anxiety levels during preventive dental treatment will be assessed using the Modified Child Dental Anxiety Scale-Faces Version (MCDASf). The MCDASf score ranges from 8 to 40 points, with higher scores indicating greater dental anxiety.

  2. Dental Anxiety Level Measured by the Facial Image Scale

    Time frame: Before and immediately after fissure sealant application

    Dental anxiety levels during preventive dental treatment will be assessed using the Facial Image Scale (FIS). The FIS score ranges from 1 to 5 points, with higher scores indicating greater dental anxiety.

Secondary outcomes

  1. Stress Level Measured by the Pediatric Emotional Stress Scale in Kindergarten Intervention (PeSSKI)

    Time frame: Before and immediately after fissure sealant application

    Stress levels will be assessed using the Pediatric Emotional Stress Scale in Kindergarten Intervention (PeSSKI) during preventive dental treatment.

    The PeSSKi total score ranges from 10 to 50 points, with higher scores indicating higher perceived stress levels in children.

  2. Pulse Rate During Preventive Dental Treatment

    Time frame: Before and immediately after fissure sealant application

    Pulse rate will be measured in beats per minute (bpm) before and immediately after fissure sealant application during preventive dental treatment. Higher values indicate increased physiological arousal/anxiety.

  3. Systolic Blood Pressure

    Time frame: Before and immediately after fissure sealant application.

    Systolic blood pressure will be measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg) before and immediately after fissure sealant application during preventive dental treatment. Higher values indicate increased physiological stress response.

  4. Diastolic Blood Pressure

    Time frame: Before and immediately after fissure sealant application

    Diastolic blood pressure will be measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg) before and immediately after fissure sealant application during preventive dental treatment. Higher values indicate increased physiological stress response.

  5. Oxygen Saturation

    Time frame: Before and immediately after fissure sealant application

    Peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO₂) will be measured as percentage (%) before and immediately after fissure sealant application during preventive dental treatment. Higher values indicate better oxygenation status.

  6. Body Temperature

    Time frame: Before and immediately after fissure sealant application

    Body temperature will be measured in degrees Celsius (°C) before and immediately after fissure sealant application during preventive dental treatment.

Sponsors and collaborators

Lead sponsor

Recep Tayyip Erdogan University Training and Research Hospital

Other

Registry information

Official study title

Evaluation of the Effects of Regular Piano Training on Dental Anxiety and Stress Levels in Children During Preventive Dental Treatment

Important dates

Study start
2025
Primary completion
2026
Study completion
2026
First posted
May 22, 2026
Registry last updated
May 22, 2026

OpenTrials presents study information sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. The official registry record should be consulted for the latest information.

View the official ClinicalTrials.gov record (opens in a new tab)

This listing is for discovery and informational purposes only. It is not medical advice, does not guarantee that a study is recruiting, and does not determine eligibility. Contact the study team and a qualified healthcare professional when considering participation.

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