Effect of Progressive Loading Protocol on Bone Mineral Density

Progressive Loading Protocol (PLP): The subjects in the Progressive Loading Group will undergo 4-7 days of moderate to high impact loading activities per week for the duration of 6 weeks. The PLP is adapted and modified based on Exercise and Sports Science Australia (ESSA) position statement on exercise prescription for the prevention and management of Osteoporosis. The participants in the progressive loading group will perform vertical and multidirectional jumping, bounding, hopping, skipping rope, drop jumps and bench stepping. The weight bearing intensity will be progressed by increasing heights for activities such as bounding and drop jumping, adding weighted vests and changing directions. To prevent the risk of injury, the participants would be instructed to avoid the loaded spine flexion or twisting movements of the spine. Frail individuals should be supervised and exercised within reach of a railing or other stable support.

Intensity: Moderate-to-high weight bearing impact loads (>2 times body weight) that are progressive, novel, and multidirectional, within the limits of pain, increasing as tolerated.

Frequency: 4-7 days per week

Sets/Repetitions: Aim to work up to 50 repetitions over time (5 sets of 10 repetitions with 1-2 min rest between sets)

The subjects in the Control Group will undergo twelve weeks of low impact Aerobics Training along with a health awareness program..

Inclusion criteria

• Subject with history of diabetes, hypertension

Exclusion criteria

• Subject with history of kidney diseases, cardiopulmonary diseases, thrombosis, hyperprolactinemia, spondylolisthesis, back/leg deformities or surgeries, osteoarthritis, pacemakers, implants of the lower extremity and spine, tumors, migraines, or having any other diseases that affect bone metabolism or neuromuscular performance.