Effect of Preoperative Stellate Ganglion Block on Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation After Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting

Inclusion criteria

• more than 18 years old
• undergoing CABG
• Provide informed consent

Exclusion criteria

• History of prior cardiac surgery or atrial fibrillation ablation;
• Emergency coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG);
• Concomitant cardiac procedures (e.g., congenital heart disease repair, left ventricular reconstruction, valve surgery, or aortic surgery);
• Critical preoperative status requiring mechanical or pharmacological support before CABG;
• Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) <35%;
• History of atrial fibrillation (defined as a supraventricular tachyarrhythmia characterized by rapid and irregular atrial electrical activity);
• Significant mitral valve disease (mitral valve area <1.5 cm² or regurgitant jet area <4 cm²), significant aortic valve disease (valve area <1.5 cm² or regurgitant jet-to-left ventricular outflow tract ratio >25%);
• Severe left atrial enlargement (left atrial anteroposterior diameter >55 mm);
• Poorly controlled hyperthyroidism;
• Conditions requiring radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or long-term hormonal therapy;
• Patients with known clinical contraindications to stellate ganglion block (SGB).